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  • Küçük Resim
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    Development of the orbit and eyeball during the fetal period
    (2023) Bilkay, Cemil; Koyuncu, Esra; Dursun, Ahmet; Öztürk, Kenan; Özgüner, Gülnur; Tok, Levent; Tok, Ozlem
    Aim: We aimed to investigate the morphometric development of the orbit and eyeball in the fetal period. Material and Methods: The present study was carried out on 136 fetal eyes (86 males, 50 females) obtained from 68 fetuses aged between 15-40 gestational weeks. In this study, the area, height, width, volume, depth, and circumference parameters of the orbit were measured, while the anteroposterior and transverse diameters, weight and volume parameters of the eyeball were measured. Also, the diameter at the place where the optic nerve enters the eyeball was measured. Results: It was determined that all parameters increased during the trimesters and there was a statistically significant difference between the trimesters in all parameters. There was no statistically significant difference in all parameters in terms of gender. In the comparison of the right and left sides, orbital area (p<0.011), orbital circumference (p<0.048) and orbital width (p<0.048) were higher on the right side. There was no difference between the parties in any of the parameters related to the eyeball (p>0.05). However, the diameter of the optic nerve was higher on the left side (p<0.001). Conclusion: The data we obtained will be very useful in evaluating the pregnancy follow-up by imaging methods such as ultrasonography or magnetic resonance, in the early diagnosis of malformations or diseases, and in planning the treatment.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    The appearance of external genital organs and anogenital distance in male fetal cadavers
    (Springer, 2025) Özgüner, Gülnur; Öztürk, Kenan; Dursun, Ahmet; Bilkay, Cemil; Sulak, Osman
    This study aimed to determine the normal size of the male external genital organs and anogenital distance in human fetuses during the fetal period through the anatomic morphometric method. The study was performed on 104 spontaneously aborted human male fetuses aged between 10 and 39 weeks of gestation. Fetuses were divided into groups according to gestational weeks, months, and trimesters. Parameters belonging to the male external genital organs were measured, including penile length and width, transverse scrotal diameter, anterior-posterior scrotal diameter, the distance from the anterior and posterior aspect of the penis to the center of the anus, and the anogenital distance. The mean of each parameter was computed by gestational weeks, months, and trimester groups, and data were presented as mean +/- standard deviation. The mean of each parameter increased with gestational age, and statistically significant differences were observed between trimester groups. A high correlation was also determined between gestational age and the parameters measured.