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Öğe A comparative study on the nuclear shielding properties of BiBr3 and PbSO4 incorporated composites(Elsevier, 2021) Akman, Ferdi; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Polat, Hasan; Aktas, G.; Gültekin, Aytaç; Ağar, OsmanDetailed investigations on the photon and neutron attenuation properties of various BiBr3 and PbSO4 incorporated polyester composites have been carried out in terms of evaluating their potential use as new radiation shielding materials. Utilizing HPGe detector-based γ-ray spectrometry, the mass attenuation coefficient values of the polyester materials were calculated over a wide photon energy range of 59.5–1408 keV. The experimental results have been compared to those obtained using XCOM software and showed that the measured attenuation coefficient was in good agreement with the theoretical results at all photon energies studied. Moreover, BiBr3(20%) and PbSO4(20%) exhibit the minimum half value layers (5.94 and 6.58 cm at 661 keV) and highest radiation protection efficiencies (69.80 and 69.67% at 59.9 keV), while the neutron removal cross-sections of BiBr3(5%) and PbSO4(5%) samples were higher than the other composites studied.Öğe Evaluation of CdS doped polyester composites regarding gamma and neutron shielding properties(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Dilsiz, Kamuran; Oğul, Hasan; Akman, Ferdi; Ağar, Osman; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Polat, Hasan; Dursun, İnanIn this study, CdS doped polyester composites were produced at different weight ratios, and the impact of dopant amount on gamma and neutron shielding characteristics of a new composite material were further evaluated: the composite matrix was doped at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% CdS weight ratios of the prepared composite. Then, the produced polyester materials have been characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Following the structure characterization, the prepared composites were tested using one gamma spectrometer system based HPGe detector with help of 22Na, 54Mn, 57Co, 60Co, 133Ba, 137Cs, 152Eu and 241Am radioactive point-isotropic sources in order to perform the evaluation in a wide energy range of gamma. The obtained results were compared to the results of Geant4 and WinXCOM simulation codes. On the last step of the presented work, the neutron removal cross sections of produced polyester composites were calculated using partial density of elements and their cross sections, and then, neutron shielding characteristics of the prepared samples were determined with help of Geant4 simulation toolkit. Both tested and simulated results of gamma shielding evaluation showed good agreement, and, for all considered photon energies, mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) values of CdS (20%) were always found to be greater than the μ/ρ values of other samples (5%, 10%, 15%). The results for neutron shielding showed that neutron transmission was decreasing with the increase of CdS in the material. In short, having higher μ/ρ values and lower neutron transmission shows that increasing the amount of CdS in the sample causes the higher radiation shielding property for both gamma and neutron.Öğe Gamma attenuation characteristics of CdTe-Doped polyester composites(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Akman, Ferdi; Oğul, Hasan; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Polat, Hasan; Dilsiz, Kamuran; Ağar, OsmanPolyester is strong and durable material and tends to retain its shape, thus polyester composites have become highly preferred option in high-tech applications. This motivates the usage of polyester composites in the production of radiation shielding materials as well. In present study, gamma ray shielding properties of polyester composite reinforced with different proportions of Cadmium Telluride (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experiments were performed with the use of HPGe detector in a wide range of photon energies varying from 59.5 to 1408.0 keV while XCOM computer program was computed in the same photon energy range to obtain theoretical results and to verify the experimental outcomes. Remarkable radiation protection efficiency was obtained with additive material of Cadmium Telluride, and the radiation protection efficiency was found to be increased with the increase of additive material amount. Negligible discrepancies between experimental and theoretical results were also observed. © 2020 Elsevier LtdÖğe Gamma shielding and compressive strength analyses of polyester composites reinforced with zinc: an experiment, theoretical, and simulation based study(Springer, 2020) Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Polat, Hasan; Oltulu, M.; Akman, Ferdi; Ağar, OsmanThe preparation of materials with high attenuation performance is one of the major issues in the radiation shielding applications. This study is based on the investigation of gamma-shielding performances of various polyester composites reinforced with Zn. Utilizing gamma spectrometer based on HPGe detector, the mass attenuation coefficient (mu/rho) of the present composites was measured at various photon energies between 59.5-1408 keV. The obtained experimental data were confirmed with those of MCNPX code as well as XCOM program. It is found that the attenuation coefficient values of the studied composites are in good agreement with the results of other approaches at the investigated energies. The best photon-shielding effectiveness was observed in the composite tagged with Zn (10%). The shielding characteristics of composite enhances with the addition of Zn as filler.Öğe Gamma, charged particle and neutron radiation shielding capacities of ternary composites having polyester/barite/tungsten boride(Elsevier Ltd., 2023) Özdoğan, Hasan; Kılıçoğlu, Özge; Oğul, H.; Ağar, Osman; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Polat, Hasan; Turşucu, AhmetThe presented work investigates the photon, charged particle and neutron radiation shielding performances of polyester-based composites filled with barite and/or tungsten boride by using experimental, theoretical, and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The amount of barite/tungsten boride varying from 0 wt% to 50 wt% in the material and polyester resin were exploited as filler and base materials, respectively. Experimental evaluation of BaWB composites has been performed with help of an HPGe detector based gamma spectrometer as well as 22Na, 133Ba, 137Cs and 60Co radioactive point sources with energies in the range of 276.4–1332.5 keV. The experimental data were compared to those theoretically calculated in WinXCOM as well as Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, i.e., MCNP6, GEANT4 and FLUKA codes. The obtained mass attenuation coefficients for the produced composites were in good agreement with the results of MC simulations and WinXCOM software. Comparing to the other polymer composite samples, the sample with the maximum tungsten boride weight percentage has the best radiation shielding property because of having the highest attenuation coefficients and lowest absorption thicknesses.Öğe Lead(II) chloride effects on nuclear shielding capabilities of polymer composites(Elsevier, 2020) Özkalaycı, F.; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Ağar, Osman; Polat, Hasan; Sharma, A.; Akman, FerdiThis study investigated the radiation shielding capacity of undoped polymer composite and lead (II) chloride (PbCl2)-containing polymer composite samples. The PbCl(2 )and polyester resin were used as filler and base materials, respectively. The PbCl2 was added to the polyester resin from 5 wt% to 20 wt%, and so an undoped polymer composite and four polymer composite samples each with different PbCl(2 )polymer resin ratios were investigated for their radiation attenuation capacity. Experimental data of the samples were taken using an HPGe detector, and Am-241, Ba-133, Co-57, Na-22, Cs-137, (152) Eu, Mn-54 and Co-60 radioactive point sources were used with energies in the range of 59.5-1408.0 keV. The experimental data were compared with both those simulated with FLUKA code and those theoretically calculated in WinXCOM. Mass attenuation coefficients used in estimating the shielding capacity of the samples were in good agreement with those found using FLUKA and WinXCOM. Radiation protection efficiency was improved by 244% especially at 59.5 keV energy by using PbCl2 (20%) polymer composite compared to undoped polymer composite. The sample with the maximum weight percentage of PbCl2, PbCl2 (20%), had the highest attenuation coefficients and lowest absorption thicknesses, and had the best radiation shielding property compared to the other polymer composite samples.Öğe Lead-free Sb-based polymer composite for gamma-ray shielding purposes(Walter De Gruyter GMBH, 2022) Özkalayci, Fatih; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Polat, Hasan; Ağar, Osman; Almousa, Nouf; Akman, FerdiThis study ailm was to fabricate and investigate the gamma photon shielding efficiency of antimony (Sb) doped polymer resin composites. The orthophthalic unsaturated polyester resin (C16O7H14) and antimony powder have been used as matrix and filler material, respectively. Gamma radiation shielding capacities of the polymer resin composites doped with 325 mesh sized-antimony particles from 5 to 20 wt% have been investigated. Experimental measurements of the samples have been obtained using an HPGe detector equipped with gamma spectrometer by 241 Am, 133 Ba, 57 Co, 22 Na, 137 Cs, 152 Eu, 54 Mn and 60 Co radioactive point sources varying from 59.5 to 1408.0 keV energies. To explore the gamma-ray attenuation features, linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) were evaluated. According to the obtained results, it was found that Sb(20%) showed the superior radiation shielding capacity than the other samples. The measured data have been compared with those of WinXCOM, and they were found to be in a good agreement with each other.Öğe Micro Pb filled polymer composites: Theoretical, experimental and simulation results for γ-ray shielding performance(Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Kılıçoğlu, O.; More, Chaitali V.; Akman, Ferdi; Dilsiz, Kamuran; Oğul, Hasan; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Polat, Hasan; Ağar, OsmanResearches on advanced composites to protect environment health towards radioactive pollution have drawn attention with the rising use of radioactive elements. From this point, polymer micro composites are quite encouraging in terms of multifunctional properties in mechanical, electrical, thermal, as well as nuclear shielding. The present study has explored the efficacy of micro lead (Pb) loaded polymer composites for radio protective applications such as a fabrication of protective enclosures. High energetic photon shielding experiments have been applied through gamma spectrometer equipped with HPGe detector and various radioactive point sources namely 137Cs, 22Na, 152Eu, 133Ba, 241Am and 57,60Co which are widely used in several medical and industrial applications. The results demonstrated that mass attenuation coefficients of the composites at different photon energies are proportional to the filler loading. The validation of FLUKA and GEANT4 Monte Carlo software has been performed in the simulation of transmission experiments as well as WinXCOM software. The tests of the Pb (20%) micro composite for the nuclear radiation shielding reveal that it has high attenuation coefficients for photon radiation.Öğe Production of microstructured BaZrO3 and Ba2P2O7-based polymer shields for protection against ionizing photons(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Özel, Faruk; Akman, Ferdi; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Özen, Abdurrahman; Arslan, Halil; Polat, Hasan; Yurtcan, Sinem; Ağar, OsmanVarious highly effective shielding composites with low cost, light weight, and easy processing were fabricated by addition of various amounts of BaZrO3 and Ba2P2O7 to unsaturated polyester resin. The composites were analyzed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. A high-purity germanium detector–based gamma spectrometer for experimental tests, WinXCom for theoretical calculations, and Geant4 for simulations were used to analyze the high-energy ionizing radiation shielding performances. The shielding results showed that there is good consistency (relative deviations less than 10%) among the three techniques. Addition of BaZrO3 and Ba2P2O7 as a filler in the composite enhances the radiation protection characteristics of the unsaturated polyester, and the composites with 20% BaZrO3 and 20% Ba2P2O7 had the most effective radiation shielding performance. Consequently, these innovative composites as radiation shielding materials are predicted to benefit medical physics and nuclear science applications.Öğe Shielding features, to non-ionizing and ionizing photons, of FeCr-based composites(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Akman, Ferdi; Özkan, İlkan; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Polat, Hasan; Issa, S.A.M.; Tekin, H.O.; Ağar, OsmanThis paper has been focused on the a detail study on non-ionizing and ionizing electromagnetic (EM) shielding features and build-up factors of reinforced with ferrochrome (FeCr) composites. The non-inozing electromagnetic shielding performance quantities of composites have been determined in the frequency range between 12.4 and 18.0 GHz. Also, the experimental mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) have been estimated using gamma spectrometer and various radioactive point, and compared to those of theoretical and simulation (MCNPX) results. With help of the obtained linear attenuation coefficients, several attenuation quantities, i.e., effective atomic number (Zeff), half value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP) have been discussed. In addition, buildup factors (EBF and EABF) values have been estimated utilizing the G-P fitting method. The results showed that composite encoded FeCr(15%) is superior shielding attenuation properties among the investigated samples. © 2020 Elsevier LtdÖğe Study on gamma radiation attenuation and non-ionizing shielding effectiveness of niobium-reinforced novel polymer composite(Korean Nuclear Society, 2021) Akman, Ferdi; Oğul, Hasan; Özkan, İlkan; Kaçal, Mustafa Recep; Ağar, Osman; Polat, Hasan; Dilsiz, KamuranAdvanced radiation applications have been widely used and extended to many fields. As a result of this fact, choosing an appropriate shielding material based on the radiation application has become vital. In this regard, the integration of elements into polymer composites has been investigated and contributed to the quantity and quality of radiation shielding materials. This study reports photon attenuation parameters and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of a novel polymer composite prepared with a matrix reinforced with three different proportions (5, 10, and 15 wt%) of niobium content. Addition of Nb dopant improves both photon attenuation and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness for the investigated composites. Therefore, Nb(15%) polymer composite with highest concentration has been found to be the best absorber for ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. Consequently, the performed analyzes provide evidences that the prepared Nb-reinforced polymer composite could be effectively used as photon radiation attenuator and electromagnetic shielding material.
