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Öğe Examination of heavy metal concentrations and their interaction with anthropogenic sources in Ermenek Dam Lake (Turquoise Lake)(Springer, 2025) Argun, Yusuf AlparslanThis study aims to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in Ermenek Dam Lake, water quality assessment and pollution sources. For this purpose, samples were taken 6 times a year from 12 points determined in 2024. Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals were analyzed in the study. Using the analysis results, indexes such as Water Quality Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index were calculated. The results show that the lake water complies with TS 266 and WHO standards. The index results indicate that the lake water is at low pollution and risk level and is safe. The distribution and sources of heavy metals were examined using correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Correlation analyses showed that there were significant relationships between pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and TDS and heavy metals. PCA results revealed that Zn was positively correlated with temperature and pH, while Mn and Ni were inversely correlated. The alignment of Pb, Cu and Cd in the same direction showed that these parameters were affected by common sources. HCA results showed that Cr and Fe have similar transport and source properties, while Mn and Ni are affected by different sources. In general, it was determined that heavy metal pollution in lake water was at low levels and local concentrations were present. The study revealed the effects of anthropogenic activities on the lake ecosystem. The findings of the study provide a guiding basis for water quality management in similar hydrological systems.Öğe Blood serum IgE and muscle element levels in Cyprinus carpio infested by Argulus foliaceus in Lake Çavuşçu (Konya/Turkey): Assessment of their impact on human health(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2024) Gümüş, Numan EmreFish with the metazoan parasite Argulus foliaceus (Crustacea: Branchiura) infestation observed in carp (Cyprinus carpio) were caught between September and October 2018 in Lake & Ccedil;avu & scedil;& ccedil;u. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in the muscle tissue of individuals of this fish species. The levels of heavy metals were studied and assessed for their effects on human health. The results obtained in the study were compared with the limit values set by national and international quality criteria. In addition, blood serum IgE levels were examined in fish. IgE is considered part of the parasite-specific immune defense system called allergic antibody. The results were compared with serum IgE levels in non-parasitized carp. It was found that serum IgE levels of infested fish were higher than serum IgE levels of non-parasitized carp. The recommendation for consumers is that although the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were well below 1, they should be mindful of the risk in their daily fish intake.Öğe Nanofiber applications from hijiki macroalgae: Antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties in biocompatible polymers(Wiley, 2025) Gümüş, Numan EmreOne of the current biotechnological applications is nanofiber applications made from algae using the electrospinning technique. Nanofibers containing poly-caprolactone (PCL) extracted from the brown seaweed Hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme) were prepared using electrospinning technique. Water extraction was performed to preserve the integrity of Hijiki components, ensuring their efficacy in subsequent electrospinning and characterization. The morphology and chemical composition of the nanofibers were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. Hijiki was found to combine well with electrospun biocompatible polymers and effectively provide the common properties of these materials. The cytotoxicity of algae-doped PCL nanofibers was examined in vitro using liver cancer and liver healthy cell lines (HepG2 and The-2). Among hepatic tumor cell lines, the HepG2 cell line has been preferred due to its wide range of scientific applications. Although the nanofibers caused a 28% decrease in liver cancer cell lines viability (HepG2), the decrease in healthy liver cell viability (The-2) was 12%. Algae-doped PCL nanofiber applied to bacteria showed antibacterial effect. Based on the findings, Hijiki macroalgae nanofibers show great promise for tissue regeneration and band-aid applications in the medical industry.Öğe Waste characterization of karaman province and determination and comparison of individuals' waste approaches(2023) Argun, Yusuf Alparslan; Bilgin, MelayibThe most basic building block of solid waste management is to determine the amount of waste generated by individuals in a day. As it can be understood from here, the most important issue in solid waste management is individuals. Therefore, all kinds of waste management studies should be based on the individual. In our study, a questionnaire was applied to 1 263 people residing in Karaman. In addition, according to income levels, 5 pilot regions were determined and characterization studies were carried out in different time periods. Of the wastes generated as a result of characterization, 45.08% of kitchen wastes, 3.41% of park and garden wastes and 30.36% of recyclable wastes. Only 18.6% of the recyclable waste potential is collected with the existing system. Within the framework of the survey, the rate of those who collect recyclable waste separately is 21%. In addition, it is understood from the survey study that individuals do not know what type of waste is produced in their homes. In this framework, waste collection and evaluation suggestions were presented by determining the waste potentials with the characterization study and the individual attitudes with the survey study.Öğe HPLC-UV analysis of phenolic compounds and biological activities of Padina pavonica and Zanardinia typus marine macroalgae species(Türkiye Klinikleri, 2023) Keskinkaya, Hatice Banu; Deveci, Ebru; Yılmaz, Bahar; Gümüş, Numan Emre; Okudan, Emine Şükran; Akköz, Cengiz; Karakurt, SerdarThe marine macroalgae species are recognized as the food of the future with excellent bioactive properties. This study aimed to investigate phenolic compounds; cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities; total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents of the methanol, ethanol, and water extracts of Padina pavonica (PP) and Zanardinia typus (ZT). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which ZT was evaluated in terms of phenolic content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The HPLC analysis allowed the identification of five phenolic compounds containing rutin (0.31 ± 0.04 – 3.00 ± 0.21 ppm) in all extracts and trans-p-coumaric acid (0.15 ± 0.02 – 3.95 ± 0.02 ppm) in MPP, EPP, MZT, EZT, WZT as the major compounds. TPC and TFC of the extracts were calculated as 11.78 ± 0.75 – 76.78 ± 0.54 µg GAEs/mg extract and 6.78 ± 0.17 – 29.50 ± 2.23 µg QEs/mg extract, respectively. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in EZT (CC50:132.3 ± 22.4 µg/mL) against MCF-7 and MZT (CC50: 91.4 ± 20.9 µg/mL) against MIA PaCa-2. Among the studied extracts, EPP showed the best antibacterial activity against all test pathogens. Also, EPP indicated superior antibacterial activity against Plesiomonas shigelloides (MIC: 1.25 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 1.25 mg/mL). EZT displayed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH• (IC50: 49.03 ± 0.28 µg/mL), CUPRAC (A0.50: 15.20 ± 0.14 µg/mL), and ABTS•+ (IC50: 18.86 ± 0.74 µg/mL) assays. The results approved that P. pavonica and Z. typus marine macroalgae species could be valued as natural sources of bioactive agents for food and pharmacology applications.Öğe A pioneering study on the recovery of valuable functional compounds from olive pomace by using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Comparison of perlite addition and drying(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Argun, Mehmet Emin; Arslan, Fatma Nur; Ateş, Havva; Yel, Esra; Çakmakcı, Özgür; Dağ, BirolIn this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was applied to the mixture of two-phase olive pomace (OP) with perlite and to the dried OP in order to prevent the environmental hazards that may arise from the leachate. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the leaching black water were detected as 131200 ± 21024 mg/L and 12300 ± 500 µS/cm, respectively, leading to toxicity. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined in the raw OP and in the extracts as 8.9 ± 3.6 mg GAE/g and 2–14 mg GAE/g, respectively. Antioxidant capacity increased from 715 µM TE in the raw OP to 11000 µM TE in the extracts. The maximum extraction yield and TPC recovery values were obtained as 5.7 % and 3 %, respectively. Promising results were obtained on the recovery of phenolic substances and fatty acids (FAs). Main groups of the valuable compounds such as secoiridoids, flavonoids and phenolic alcohols were detected in the pomace as 400, 290 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, while their concentrations increased up to 16430, 7370 and 3280 mg/kg in the extracts.Öğe Recovery of valuable compounds from orange processing wastes using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction(Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Argun, Mehmet Emin; Argun, Mustafa Şamil; Arslan, Fatma Nur; Nas, Bilgehan; Ateş, Havva; Tongur, Süheyla; Çakmakçı, ÖzgürCitrus processing industries produce high volumes of wastewater containing significant polluting loads for the environment, many of which are functional bioactive compounds. In this study, it was aimed to recover valuable bioactive components by supercritical CO2 extraction from orange processing wastes. For this purpose, an optimization study was carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM) in terms of pressure and temperature. The optimum experimental conditions were found to be 28.7 MPa and 60 °C for maximum extract yield, total phenolics content, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity values. It was determined that some valuable phenolic compounds such as hesperetin, quercetin, apigenin, cyanidin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, isorhamnetin and their derivatives have been increased between 2 and 260 times in the extracts by supercritical CO2 extraction. Another important finding of this study was that short and medium chain saturated fatty acids were detected in the wastewater extracts while longer chain fatty acids were detected in the orange peel extracts. This may be due to the fact that more soluble short-chain fatty acids are transferred from the fruit to the juice during fruit processing.Öğe Boron-doped activated carbon nanocomposite as a selective adsorbent for rapid extraction of aflatoxins in nut samples(Academic Press Inc., 2022) Karapınar, Hacer Sibel; Balıkçıoğlu, AyşegülActivated carbon-boron (AC-B) nanocomposite has been developed as a new solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the extraction and specification of aflatoxins (AFs) in nuts. Porous activated carbon was produced by the chemical activation method from potato peels, which is important biomass waste, and boron was incorporated into the structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy methods were used to characterize the adsorbent. The BET specific surface area of AC-B was found to be 1014.7 m2 g−1and the pore volume was 0.42 cm3 g−1. After the extraction parameters (adsorbent amount (1–20 mg), vortex time (1–10 min), pH (3–8), desorption solvent, desorption volume (1–10 ml), and desorption time (1–10 min)) were optimized, recoveries in the range of 89.5–96.5 % of AFG1, AFG2, AFB1, and AFB2 were obtained in real pistachio, cashew nut, and walnut samples. The highest recoveries of AFs were obtained under conditions with AC-B adsorbent amount of 5 mg, vortex time of 3 min, pH 5, desorption solvent acetonitrile, volume 3 ml, and time 3 min. AFs have a low detection limit range (0.04–0.16 μg kg−1). In addition, the method had good repeatability (the intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 0.3–7.0 %, n = 8) and was validated with CRM. The results were evaluated statistically. The proposed AC-B/SPE method has been presented as an alternative to routine analysis due to its advantages such as being environmentally friendly, simple, faster, sensitive, reliable, selective, reproducible, and ease of application in the extraction of aflatoxins compared to the traditional immunoaffinity column method
