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A novel Fe3O4@SrTiO3@ZnO nanocomposite for simultaneous selective and efficient magnetic solid phase extraction of aflatoxins from food samples
(Academic Press Inc., November 2025) Karapınar, Hacer Sibel; Özel, Farul
A novel Fe₃O₄@SrTiO₃@ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for the efficient and selective preconcentration of trace-level aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in food samples. During the MSPE process, many extraction parameters such as nanocomposite amount, desorption conditions (solvent, volume, time), vortex time, and pH were optimized. Aflatoxins (AFs) in the samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-post-column derivatization-fluorescence detection method. Under suitable conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.005 to 0.015 ng g⁻¹, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.016 to 0.052 ng g⁻¹.For spiked hazelnut, pistachio, and almond samples at 2 ng g⁻¹, recoveries ranged from 90.7 % to 96.6 %, while the coefficient of variation (RSD) was found to be lower than 3.1 %. The approach demonstrated excellent intra-day and inter-day repeatability (RSDs 0.006–0.071 %, n = 9). The suggested new Fe3O4@SrTiO3@ZnO/MSPE method has offers a simpler, faster, and more selective alternative with effective extraction performance in the extraction of AFs in food samples (hazelnut, peanut butter, hazelnut butter, walnut, almond, cashew, pistachio, corn, rice) checked to the classic routine immunoaffinity column method. Given its performance and operational advantages, the developed method represents a strong alternative to classical analytical approaches for routine aflatoxin determination.
Adaptation of the online moral disengagement scale to the Turkish population and its association with empathic tendency and cyberbullying
(BioMed Central Ltd, December 2025) Bakioğlu, Fuad; Çapan, Bahtiyar Eraslan; Kırteke, Sami; Pakpour, Amir H
Traditional moral disengagement is observed in daily life. However, with the increase in time spent in virtual environments, the need to also investigate online moral disengagement (OMD) is evident. In this study, we aimed to adapt the OMD Scale (OMDS) to the Turkish population and examine the relationship among OMD, empathic tendency, and cyberbullying. Methods: A total of 694 volunteering Turkish adolescents, 404 (58.2%) females and 290 (41.8%) males and with a mean age of 15.19 years (range: 14–17 years; standard deviation = 1.09), were included. Data were collected using the OMDS, Cyberbullying Scale, and Adolescent KA-Sİ Empathic Tendency Scale. The study was conducted in several stages: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item factor loading, item-total correlation, concurrent analysis, mediating analysis, and reliability analysis. Results: The CFA confirmed the validity of the eight-item structure OMDS. The findings also revealed a significant relationship between OMD, empathic tendency, and cyberbullying. Precisely, OMD mediated the relationship between empathic tendency and cyberbullying. Conclusion: The reliability values of the OMDS were good. Likewise, the Turkish version of the scale was also valid and reliable. OMD mediated the relationship between empathic tendency and cyberbullying.
Comparative analysis of Microsoft Kinect Azure and manual measurement methods in the sit and reach test among elite female weightlifters
(Nature Research, December 2025) Osmanoğlu, Usame Ömer; Erdağı, Kenan; IŞIK, Bülent; Örücü, Serkan; Özbay, Erkan
Microsoft Kinect is an increasingly common tool for low-cost and portable measurement of human movements. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential reliability and reproducibility of Microsoft Kinect Azure in the sit-and-reach test conducted under standardized test conditions in a controlled training environment with elite female weightlifters. The sit-and-reach test was performed with Microsoft Kinect Azure and manual methods and also the reliability and validity were analyzed by comparing the wrist, elbow, shoulder and trunk joint angle measurements with the digital goniometer. Twenty-one healthy female weightlifter athletes who won medals in international championships were included in the study. Sit-and-reach testing was performed using Microsoft Kinect Azure and manual methods in accordance with the standards of the American College of Sports Medicine. The flexion range of motions of each athlete’s wrist, elbow, shoulder and trunk joint angles were measured with a digital goniometer and Microsoft Kinect Azure. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 25.0 and Python 3.9.12 software. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables, and differences between Kinect and manual methods were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Linear relationships between measurements were analyzed with Spearman correlation coefficients. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was calculated for the concordance analysis and presented with Bland-Altman plots. The level of significance was accepted as p < 0.05. The findings suggest that Kinect Azure may provide good reproducibility and agreement with manual goniometric measurements for joint angles under the specific structured conditions tested. For parameters such as the elbow, shoulder, wrist, trunk angles and distance traveled, high ICC values (> 0.90) indicated strong consistency between the methods. Kinect Azure may serve as a reliable alternative to manual measurement methods under standardized testing conditions. Further studies are recommended to examine its generalizability to other populations and test environments.
Does proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation approach have an effect on swallowing function, muscle morphology and quality of life in dysphagic stroke patients? A randomised controlled trial
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Özcan, Esra Nur; Ünlüer, Nezehat Özgül; Öztürk, Mehmet; Erdur, Ömer
To investigate the effects of different exercise methods on swallowing function in dysphagic stroke patients. Methods: Forty-two patients with dysphagia were divided into three groups: conventional swallowing exercises group; the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercises + conventional swallowing exercises group and the Chin-tuck Against Resistance (CTAR) exercises + conventional swallowing exercises. Patients received swallowing rehabilitation twice a week for 8 weeks. Patients were evaluated for swallowing using Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale. Suprahyoid muscle thickness, tongue root area and hyolaryngeal elevation were measured by ultrasound before and after treatment. Furthermore, scales such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) swallowing safety scale, Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) and Swallowing Quality of Life Scale (SWAL-QOL) were utilised. Results: The clinical and demographic characteristics of all three groups were similar at baseline (p > 0.05). Positive improvements were identified following treatment in terms of muscle thickness, as determined by FEES evaluation of swallowing functions and ultrasound evaluations, in all groups (p < 0.05). In the PAS liquid food evaluation, the highest effect was found in the PNF group (η2 = 0.858). All ultrasound evaluations showed greater improvement in the PNF and CTAR groups compared to the conventional group (p < 0.05). The SWAL QOL also showed significant improvements in all groups after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, all three groups contributed to swallowing rehabilitation, but the PNF group improved the most. PNF exercises, delivered by physical therapists without the need for specialised equipment, will make swallowing rehabilitation more effective. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05678686.
Comparison of the effectiveness of three different conservative methods in myogenous temporomandibular disorders
(Associacao Medica Brasileira, 2025) Yıldız, Nazım Tolgahan; Erden, Zafer; Coşkun, Gürsoy; Can, Filiz; Tüz, Hakan Hıfzı
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of exercise, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and manual therapy on pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, and masticatory muscle activity-during chewing of the masseter and temporalis anterior in myogenous temporomandibular disorders. METHODS: A total of 51 myogenous temporomandibular disorders patients were randomly assigned to three groups: exercise group, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group, and manual therapy group. For 6 weeks, exercise group received exercise only, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group received exercise+transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and manual therapy group received exercise+manual therapy. At baseline and after 6-week treatment, pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale, maximum mouth opening using a millimeter ruler, and masticatory muscle activity-during chewing of the masseter and temporalis anterior using surface electromyography. RESULTS: After treatment, significant improvements in pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, and masticatory muscle activity-during chewing values were found in all the three groups. The greatest improvements were seen in manual therapy group. The decreases in pain intensity and increases in masticatory muscle activity-during chewing values were statistically significantly higher in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group than in exercise group (p<0.05). The increases in maximum mouth opening were similar in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group and exercise group. CONCLUSION: Exercise is an effective method for improving pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, and masticatory muscle activity-during chewing in myogenous temporomandibular disorders. Combining exercise with manual therapy may provide the highest therapeutic effect on these parameters. Combining exercise with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may also lead to further improvements in pain intensity and masticatory muscle activity-during chewing.
A three-dimensional memristor-based hyperchaotic map for pseudorandom number generation and multi-image encryption
(American Institute of Physics, 1 July 2025) Gao, Suo; Ding, Siqi; Ho-Ching Iu, Herbert; Erkan, Uğur; Toktas, Abdurrahim; Şimşek, Cemaleddin
The resistance state of a memristor can be influenced by external stimuli, and these variations can be converted into a pseudorandom sequence through appropriate circuitry and control mechanisms. By leveraging this property, a reliable and complex pseudorandom number generator suitable for encryption can be designed. To enhance the chaotic complexity of memristor-based discrete systems, this paper introduces a three-dimensional hyperchaotic map based on a memristor (3D-HMBM), which integrates a sine-function nonlinearity with a discrete memristor model. Analyzing its dynamical properties via Lyapunov exponents, the 3D-HMBM exhibits evolution from periodicity to chaos and hyperchaos. The complexity of its iterated sequences is verified through metrics such as Spectral Entropy and C0 complexity. Furthermore, the 3D-HMBM displays a unique phenomenon of infinite coexisting attractors. As initial values vary, the system generates attractors at different positions, suggesting that—in theory—an infinite number of attractors exist. Finally, the simulation results are validated via digital-circuit implementation. Building on this foundation, we propose a multi-image encryption algorithm based on the 3D-HMBM, offering a more secure solution for encrypting large volumes of data. Through statistical testing and cryptographic analysis, we confirm the significant potential of the keystream generated by the 3D-HMBM for cryptographic applications.
Utilizing quinoa flour for functional lavash bread production
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, July 2025) Akturfan, Mustafa; Yalçın, Suzan
Lavash bread is a traditional food in West Asia and the Middle East, with its consumption increasing in recent years. This study aimed to assess the impact of adding 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% quinoa flour on the rheological properties of wheat dough, as well as the sensory and chemical characteristics of lavash bread. As the quinoa flour content increased, sedimentation value and mixing tolerance index decreased, while water absorption, dough development time, and dough softening increased. The addition of quinoa flour reduced the extensograph energy value and extensibility but increased the extensograph ratio of elasticity to extensibility. Lavash bread made with quinoa flour remained light in appearance, though its lightness (L*) decreased, and redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) increased with higher quinoa content. Quinoa also improved the chewiness and flexibility of the lavash bread without affecting its appearance, taste, or odor. Notably, the overall acceptability of the bread increased as the quinoa flour content rose. From a nutritional perspective, protein, lipid, fiber, sugar, and ash contents increased, while starch content decreased with the addition of quinoa. Furthermore, significant increases in the levels of aspartic acid, alanine, arginine, valine, leucine, and lysine were observed. In conclusion, incorporating 20% quinoa flour into lavash bread enhances its nutritional value and functional properties, making it a healthier alternative to traditional wheat lavash.
A Scale development study: Ethical sensitivity towards artificial ıntelligence and robot nurses
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, August 2025) Ergin, Eda; Göke Arslan, Gamze; Cinar Yücel, Sebnem
Socially assistive robots use social interactions to monitor, coach, provide companionship, and support health-promoting activities. However, the widespread use of artificial intelligence and robot nurse applications in many areas leads to ethical dilemmas and concerns. Methods: A methodological study was conducted in two phases: (1) development of the scale through a literature review and interviews related to Ethical Sensitivity towards Artificial Intelligence and Robot Nurses; (2) confirming construct validity, criterion-related validity and reliability of the developed scale. The data were collected from 356 nursing students studying at the Nursing Department of a university in Turkey between November 2022 and December 2022. Results: The scale consists of 17 items and four sub-dimensions, which accounts for 55.84% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was 0.83, which was considered as significant. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of the Ethical Sensitivity Scale for Artificial Intelligence and Robot Nurses was 0.76, and its Bartlett's Test of Sphericity results were as follows: χ2 = 1174.25, p = 0.000. According to the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, fit indices were determined as follows: χ2/SD = 1.979, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.074, Comparative Fit Index = 0.894, Incremental Fit Index = 0.897 and Goodness of Fit Index = 0.880. Conclusion: The Ethical Sensitivity Scale for Artificial Intelligence and Robot Nurses was determined as a valid and reliable measurement tool. It is recommended that the Ethical Sensitivity Scale for Artificial Intelligence and Robot Nurses should be used in different sample groups, different cultures and societies.
Effect of MIND diet on oxidative stress markers in multiple sclerosis
(Elsevier B.V., September 2025) Atabilen, Büşra; Acar özen, Pınar; Tuncer, Aslı; Polat, Merve Banu; Pınar, Aslı; Akdevelıoğlu, Yasemin
The aim of this dietary intervention study is to evaluate the effect of the MIND diet on oxidative stress markers and nutritional status in patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: The study was conducted on 30 participants aged of 20–45 who were diagnosed with Relapsing-remitting MS. After the initial evaluation, healthy nutrition recommendations were given to the participants through a MIND diet sample menu list for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, all measurements were repeated. Results: The mean score of MIND diet adherence questionnaire and serum total antioxidant status level increased significantly at the end of the eighth week (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). Although the results were not significant, serum superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels tended to increase. In females, there was a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and total body bone-free lean mass at the end of the study (p < 0.05). In addition, mean daily protein intake and protein intake per kg increased significantly in males (p = 0.028 for both variables) and dietary fiber intake increased significantly (p = 0.047) in all participants. Conclusion: This study showed that the MIND diet may has positive effects on increasing the defense system against inflammation and oxidative stress.
Post-migration experiences and the reconstruction of gender identity among young afghan women in Turkey
(Elsevier Ltd, 1 September 2025) Kaçar Tunç, Gamze; Göktuna Yaylacı, Filiz
ounded in feminist epistemology, this study explores the post-migration experiences of young Afghan refugee women through their own life stories. We conducted narrative interviews with 20 women aged 15–25 who migrated from Afghanistan and Iran and sought asylum in Turkey, currently residing in Konya. By focusing on their narratives, we examine how gender—in conjunction with age, class, and legal status—shapes their daily lives and sense of self. While many experienced migration as an escape from patriarchal violence, they also encountered new forms of gender-based constraints. Despite these challenges, participants expressed a strong sense of agency. Through work, education, and creative practices, they forged paths of resilience and belonging. Their stories challenge homogenizing portrayals of refugee women, revealing complex negotiations of identity, freedom, and hope that they undertake. Rather than proving to be passive victims, these young women emerge as active individuals who are navigating structural limitations while imagining new futures.
Quartz crystal microbalance modified with rhodamine-polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for acetone vapor sensing
(Elsevier Ltd, December 2025) Çapan, Rıfat; Çapan, İnci; Bayrakcı, Mevlüt
Rhodamine based polyacrylonitrile (PAN-RHE) electrospun nanofiber sensor was used to investigate for the vapor sensor application against acetone, ethanol, and benzene vapors at room temperature. Quartz crystal microbalance technique was employed to collect the time-dependent sensor response data which were analyzed for the determination of sensor parameters and for the investigation of the adsorption behavior between nanofiber and vapor molecules. The acetone vapor yielded the highest response with a best response with a sensitivity of 0.0243 Hz/ppm. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for acetone vapor were determined as 135.80 ppm and 411.52 ppm, respectively. Pseudo first-order and Elovich models were chosen to investigate adsorption dynamics. Pseudo first-order adsorption rate and Elovich desorption constant were calculated using time-dependent data. A possible hydrogen binding or dipole–dipole interaction between the vapor molecules and rhodamine and/or nitrile units of the PAN fiber chain was proposed as a sensor interaction mechanism.
Ultrasound-assisted technique versus the conventional landmark location method in spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in parturients with class 3 obesity: a randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central Ltd, December 2025) Bilge, Ayşegül; Başaran, Betül
Spinal anesthesia with the conventional landmark technique can be challenging in parturients with morbid obesity. In the present study, the researchers examined the effects of ultrasound-assisted pre-puncture anesthesia in parturients with morbid obesity with difficult topographic anatomy on the success of the first injection attempt. It was hypothesized that the pre-procedural ultrasonographic examination would increase the successful first attempt rate compared with manual palpation. Method: A total of 80 parturients with class 3 obesity (WHO classification), BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2, ASA physical status classification 3 and 18-to 45 years old scheduled for elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia were included in the study. Localization techniques were randomized into conventional landmark technique (group L, n = 40) and pre-puncture ultrasound(USG) assisted technique (group U, n = 40). The ultrasound technique utilized both longitudinal parasagittal and transverse midline views, employing a convex probe. The injection site was marked, and spinal injection was performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. The primary outcome was the single-shot successful dura-subarachnoid membrane puncture rate. Secondary outcomes were skin puncture, number of needle passes, location marking and procedure times, patient satisfaction scores, and incidence of complications. Results: The single-shot dura-subarachnoid puncture success rate was significantly higher in group U (10% vs. 42.5%; p = 0.002). No parturients required > 10 needle passes that was described difficult spinal anesthesia in group U (p = 0.0026), and there were fewer skin puncture attempts and needle passes than in group L (p < 0.05). Although the pre-procedural evaluation (p < 0.001) and total time (p = 0.017) were longer in group U compared with group L, the spinal injection time (p < 0.001) was shorter. Conclusions: In the lateral position, ultrasound used to determine the needle insertion point provided a high first-attempt dura-subarachnoid success rate and reduced needle passages (skin puncture + needle redirections) and puncture attempts in parturients with class 3 obesity who underwent spinal anesthesia.
Environmental impact of thermal power plants: Heavy metal analysis in sediments and macroalgae from Karabiga (Çanakkale), Türkiye
(Elsevier B.V., 10 December 2025) Gümüş, Numan Emre; Keski̇nkaya, Hatice Banu; Okudan, Emine Şükran; Aşıkkutlu, Baran; Akköz, Cengiz; Koçak, Merve
The accumulation of heavy metals in ecosystems and their transfer through the food chain pose significant risks to both human health and aquatic life. In the research, the presence of toxic metals in the marine environment because of thermal power plants and industrial facilities located on the Karabiga coast was evaluated, and the bioaccumulation levels of heavy metals in algae species were determined. Heavy metal (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) analyses were performed using the ICP-OES device in sediment and macroalgae samples taken from 5 stations in the Karabiga coastal region in the Northwestern Anatolia of Turkey in September 2023. To assess the extent of heavy metal pollution, several indices were calculated, including the Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), which provide insights into the sources and levels of contamination. No significant pollution was detected based on the Pollution Indexes. All measured heavy metal concentrations in sediment samples were below the regulatory limits set by the WWQG (2021) and classified as Class A quality according to the SACS (2015) guidelines, indicating minimal pollution in the study area. Macroalgae species, particularly Cladophora sericea and Gongolaria barbata, showed elevated levels of Cu, Pb, and Zn, exceeding regulatory limits set by ANZFA (2005) and EC (2011). Potential risk calculation methods for human health were performed on 5 analyzed macroalgae samples. Considering the HI values for macroalgae, no metal was detected with a HI value greater than 1, therefore no potential health risks are expected.
The genetics of parkinson’s disease
(Selcuk University, 29 February 2024) Yücel, Zeliha; Şimşek, Levent; Yüksel, Emine Berrin
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Approximately 15% of PD patients have a family history of the disease in one or more first-degree relatives, and 5-10% of PD cases exhibit a classical Mendelian inheritance pattern. In 1997, the heritable transmission of PD was first documented. Recent studies have found 90 independent genome-wide signals at 78 loci that may be associated with PD. The identification of genes linked to PD and their functions has uncovered novel biological pathways and treatment options that play a role in the development of PD. In this article, it is aimed to review up-to-date information on the genetics of PD.
Evaluation of ın vitro antimicrobial activity of epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) and green tea (camellia sinensis) oil on various pathogens
(Selcuk University, 29 February 2024) Köksoy, Hale; Rağbetli, Cennet
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the polyphenolic component of Camellia sinensis catechins, and Camellia sinensis extract have broad antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate the invitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of the Epigallocatechin gallate and Camellia sinensis extract. Method: The present study tested the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Epigallocatechin gallate and Camellia sinensis extract against some gram-negative, gram-positive, and fungal isolates of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Camellia sinensis extract were determined for each test microorganism. In general, EGCG and Camellia sinensis extract results were found compatible. Epigallocatechin gallate and Camellia sinensis extract exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against all test organisms. MIC was determined visually after 16-20 hours of incubation at 37°C according to broth microdilution methods recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Result: The Camellia sinensis extract and EGCG MIC for gram-positive bacteria was found lower than the MIC for gram-negative bacteria and the Camellia sinensis extract MIC for C. albicans was higher than the EGCG MIC. Conclusions: However, EGCG was more effective on C. albicans isolate than Camellia sinensis extract. Camellia sinensis extract Epigallocatechin gallate and Camellia sinensis extract may be a promising source of antibacterial and antifungal for further studies.
The effect of the application of adductor canal block (ACB) and Infiltration of local anesthetic between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee (IPACK) block to patients on postoperative recovery and sleep quality following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, controlled study
(Selcuk University, 31 October 2024) Et, Tayfun; Korkusuz, Muhammet; Menendi, Umman
The adductor canal block (ACB) and IPACK (Infiltration of local anesthetic between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee) block are motor protective blocks that provide effective analgesia and allow early ambulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on postoperative recovery and sleep quality of patients applied with ACB and IPACK for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Material and Method: This prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled study included 80 patients who underwent unilateral TKA under spinal anesthesia. The patients were separated as those applied with ACB+IPACK (Group ACB+IPACK, n=40) and a control group (Group C, n=40). The primary outcome was the postoperative first-day quality of recovery scale (QoR-15). Secondary outcomes were postoperative first and second-day Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test and range of motion (ROM), the total amount of rescue opioid drugs required, pain scales at different time points in the first 48 hours postoperatively, sleep evaluation on the postoperative and 6 following nights, and evaluation of sleep quality for 1 month using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: The QoR on postoperative days 1 and 7 were better in the ACB+ IPACK group than in the control group (p= 0.001, p= 0.002, respectively). On postoperative days 1 and 2, the TUG (p= 0.035, p= 0.019, respectively) and ROM (p=0.003, p=0.000) values were higher in the ACB+ IPCAK group. Postoperative opioid consumption was lower in the ACB+IPACK group (p= 0.012). The PSQI values at 1 month postoperatively were similar in both groups (p =0.095). Conclusion: The study results demonstrated that ACB+IPACK applied with ultrasound for TKA postoperative analgesia provided effective analgesia, higher QoR and physical performance, and reduced postoperative opioid consumption. However, there was no effect on postoperative sleep quality.
Could the ketogenic diet offer hope in management of neurological diseases?
(Open Exploration Publishing Inc, 2025) Atabilen, Büşra; Akdevelioğlu, Yasemin
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional model that includes high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate (less than 50 g). The “KD ratio” is used to determine the amount of macronutrients in the diet. In classical KD with the ratio of 3:1 or 4:1, 85–90% of the energy is provided from dietary fat. In addition to classical KD, the modified Atkins diet, low glycemic index therapy, and medium-chain triglyceride diet have also been used, and in some studies, ketosis has been achieved with exogenous ketone supplements. KD has long been recognized as a successful dietary approach in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. It is known that KD may also be effective in other neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and migraine through various mechanisms such as providing an alternative energy source for neurons, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, stimulating neurotransmitter synthesis and regulation of microbiota, etc. However, existing evidence is insufficient to make definitive conclusions about the effect of the KD on neurological diseases other than epilepsy due to the short intervention time, the small sample size, and the heterogeneity in the study methods. Considering factors such as genetics, endocrine differences, timing, and diet composition, it is important to apply and follow precision nutrition programs to increase the benefits of KD and reduce its side effects. In this review, the mechanisms of the KD on neurological diseases, recent evidence on the use of the KD in neurological diseases other than epilepsy, the limitations and difficulties in the literature on the KD, and the contraindications of the KD were discussed in detail.
Explainable AI in smart grid applications
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Kül, Seda; Arslan, Bilgehan; Sağıroglu, Seref
The transformation of conventional electrical networks into Smart Grids represents a significant advancement in power systems, driven by the integration of cutting-edge developments in artificial intelligence (AI), communication, and computational technologies. Unlike traditional grids, Smart Grids utilize vast volumes of data collected from smart meters, sensors, remote control units, and end-user devices. This data abundance enhances system monitoring, supports accurate demand forecasting, and enables intelligent decision-making to improve energy efficiency, reliability, and power quality. However, the complexity and scale of such datasets often exceed the capabilities of conventional computational methods, making AI-based approaches increasingly indispensable. Despite their advantages, AI models are often criticized for their lack of transparency and interpretability, which poses challenges in safety-critical and regulated environments such as power systems. To address these concerns, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a promising paradigm to make AI decisions more understandable and trustworthy. XAI techniques provide insights into model behavior, enabling greater user trust, regulatory compliance, and informed operational decisions. This paper highlights the essential role of XAI in the advancement of smart grid technologies and presents a concise review of current applications where XAI has been successfully integrated, including anomaly detection, load forecasting, energy management, and fault diagnosis. By bridging the gap between model performance and interpretability, XAI contributes significantly to the development of sustainable, secure, and transparent smart energy systems.
Determination of juglone content of some walnut cultivars and the light fastness of dyestuffs obtained from these cultivars in the dyeing of cotton
(Centenary University, 2025) Sesli, Yılmaz; Genç, Mustafa; Aydın, Bengü
This study was carried out in 2020 to determine the light fastness in dyeing cotton fabrics to test the juglone values in the content of domestic and foreign walnut cultivars as well as the use of these cultivars in natural dyeing. According to the results of the study, the light fastness test results obtained after dyeing the dyestuffs obtained from domestic and foreign cultivars of Juglans regia L. walnut species on cotton fabrics were calculated with the lowest 2 values in Serr and Şen 2 walnut cultivars, while the highest 3 were Maraş 18, Şebin, Fernette, and Fernor cultivars. J. regia juglone analysis results obtained from domestic and foreign cultivars of walnut species, from lowest to highest, were determined in Şen 2, Maraş 18, Fernette, Şebin, Maraş 12, Pedro, Serr, Sundland, Bilecik, Chandler, Franquette and Fernor cultivars, respectively. In addition, according to the results of the percentage similarity analysis, in which the similarities between the juglone contents of domestic and foreign walnut cultivars were calculated, it was determined that domestic and foreign cultivars were generally grouped among themselves and these groups had higher similarities among themselves. When the tested juglone amounts of domestic and foreign walnut cultivars included in the experiment were compared statistically, it was found that Fernor (0.2595) and Franquette (0.2581) cultivars were not statistically different, but together with Chandler (0.2538), the juglone amounts of these cultivars were statistically significantly different between almost all cultivars.
Search for heavy neutral resonances decaying to tau lepton pairs in proton-proton collisions at (Formula presented)
(American Physical Society, 1 June 2025) Hayrapetyan A.; Tumasyan A.; Adam W.; Andrejkovic J.W.; Benato L.; Sağır, Sinan
A search for heavy neutral gauge bosons ((Formula presented)) decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed in proton-proton collisions at (Formula presented) at the CERN LHC. The data were collected with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented). The observations are found to be in agreement with the expectation from standard model processes. Limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the (Formula presented) production cross section and its branching fraction to tau lepton pairs for a range of (Formula presented) boson masses. For a narrow resonance in the sequential standard model scenario, a (Formula presented) boson with a mass below 3.5 TeV is excluded. This is the most stringent limit to date from this type of search. © 2025 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration.

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