Pandemi sürecinde yabancı karşıtlığına yönelik söylemlerin değerlendirilmesi: Macaristan örneği
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İktidarda bulunan sağ popülist partiler, küresel bir krize dönüşen pandemi sürecini, sivil toplumun baskılanması, yabancı ve göç karşıtlığı gibi görüşlerin hayata geçirilebilmesi için bir araç haline dönüştürebilmektedirler. Bu süreçte otoriterleşme eğilimine neden olan politikaların yanı sıra yetkililer tarafından kullanılan söylem veya ifadeler sağ popülist ideolojinin yeniden üretilmesinde ve yaygınlaştırılmasında etkili olmaktadır. Sağ popülist bir parti olan Macar Yurttaş Birliği Partisi (Magyar Polgári Szövetség – FIDESZ)’ nin iktidarda bulunduğu Macaristan’da ilk vakanın yabancı uyruklu (İranlı) bir bireyde görülmesi yabancı karşıtı söylemlerin pandemiyle ilişkilendirilmesine neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle çalışma ilk vakanın görüldüğü 4 Mart 2020 tarihi ile ilk vakaların görüldüğü yabancı uyruklu bireylerin sınır dışı edilme kararının alındığı 13 Mart 2020 tarihi arasındaki zaman dilimini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada, Macaristan’da yüksek okuyucu oranına sahip olan Origo haber sitesi, iktidara yakınlığıyla bilinen Magyar Hırlap ve Magyar Nemzet isimli ulusal gazeteler ile en yüksek tiraja sahip bölgesel gazete olan Kısalföld’de ‘’koronavirüs ve yasa dışı göç\ yabancı karşıtlığı kapsamındaki ‘’ söylemleri konu alan haber başlıkları Van Dijk eleştirel söylem analizi bağlamında makro yapı üzerinden incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; incelenen haber başlıklarında enformasyon eksiltimine yer verildiği, haber metinlerinde göç edenlerin geldiği coğrafi alanların salgın ve terör açısından ‘’tehlikeli ‘’ alanlar olduğu yönünde vurgu yapılarak bir genelleştirme yoluna gidildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca dost- düşman ayrımı çerçevesinde Macar halkının karşısına yabancılar düşman kimliğinde konumlandırılarak uygulanan politikaların meşruluğu vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Populist leaders can move towards authoritarianism by turning crises into opportunities in order to maintain their dominance of power. In this context, the pandemic process, which has turned into a global crisis, can turn into a tool for the right-wing populist parties in power to implement the views such as the suppression of civil society and anti-foreign and antiimmigration views. In this process, in addition to the policies that cause authoritarianism, the discourse / expressions used by the authorities are effective in the reproduction and dissemination of the right-wing populist ideology. In Hungary, where the right-wing populist Hungarian Citizens' Union Party (Magyar Polgári Szövetség – FIDESZ) is in power, the first case was seen in a foreign national (Iranian) individual, causing anti-xenophobia discourses to be associated with the pandemic. In this context, the period between March 4, 2020, when the first case was seen, and March 13, 2020, when the decision to deport foreign nationals, when the first cases were seen, was determined as the time frame in the study. In Hungary, the Origo news site, which has a high readership rate, the national newspapers Magyar Hırlap and Magyar Nemzet, which are known for their closeness to the government, and the regional newspaper with the highest circulation, Kısalföld, are subject to discourses within the scope of "corona virus and illegal immigration / xenophobia". In the context of Van Dijk critical discourse analysis, the news headlines were examined through macro structure. In conclusion; ıt has been determined that a generalization has been made by emphasizing that the geographical areas where the immigrants come from are "dangerous" areas in terms of epidemic and terrorism. In addition, within the framework of the friend-enemy distinction, the legitimacy of the policies implemented by positioning the foreigners as the enemy against the Hungarian people was tried to be emphasized.
Populist leaders can move towards authoritarianism by turning crises into opportunities in order to maintain their dominance of power. In this context, the pandemic process, which has turned into a global crisis, can turn into a tool for the right-wing populist parties in power to implement the views such as the suppression of civil society and anti-foreign and antiimmigration views. In this process, in addition to the policies that cause authoritarianism, the discourse / expressions used by the authorities are effective in the reproduction and dissemination of the right-wing populist ideology. In Hungary, where the right-wing populist Hungarian Citizens' Union Party (Magyar Polgári Szövetség – FIDESZ) is in power, the first case was seen in a foreign national (Iranian) individual, causing anti-xenophobia discourses to be associated with the pandemic. In this context, the period between March 4, 2020, when the first case was seen, and March 13, 2020, when the decision to deport foreign nationals, when the first cases were seen, was determined as the time frame in the study. In Hungary, the Origo news site, which has a high readership rate, the national newspapers Magyar Hırlap and Magyar Nemzet, which are known for their closeness to the government, and the regional newspaper with the highest circulation, Kısalföld, are subject to discourses within the scope of "corona virus and illegal immigration / xenophobia". In the context of Van Dijk critical discourse analysis, the news headlines were examined through macro structure. In conclusion; ıt has been determined that a generalization has been made by emphasizing that the geographical areas where the immigrants come from are "dangerous" areas in terms of epidemic and terrorism. In addition, within the framework of the friend-enemy distinction, the legitimacy of the policies implemented by positioning the foreigners as the enemy against the Hungarian people was tried to be emphasized.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Pandemi Süreci, Popülizm, Yasa Dışı Göç, Yabancı Karşıtlığı, Pandemic Process, Populism, Illegal Immigration, Xenophobia
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
25
Sayı
44
Künye
Bincan, S. & Polat, F. (2023). Pandemi Sürecinde Yabancı Karşıtlığına Yönelik Söylemlerin Değerlendirilmesi: Macaristan Örneği . Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi , 25 (44) , 667-690 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kmusekad/issue/78068/1185845
