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Öğe Atomic layer engineering of aluminum-doped zinc oxide films for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells(Wiley, 2022) Kruszynska, Joanna; Ostapko, Jakub; Özkaya, Veysel; Sürücü, Belkıs; Szawcow, Oliwia; Nikiforow, Kostiantyn; Holdynski, MarcinAtomic layer deposition (ALD) has been considered as an efficient method to deposit high quality and uniform thin films of various electron transport materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the effect of deposition sequence in the ALD process of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films on the performance and stability of PSCs is investigated. Particularly, the surface of AZO film is terminated by diethylzinc (DEZ)/H2O (AZO-1) or trimethylaluminum (TMA)/H2O pulse (AZO-2), and investigated with surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique. It is observed that AZO-2 significantly enhances the thermal stability of the upcoming methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) layer and facilitates charge transport at the interface as evidenced by photoluminescence spectroscopes and favorable interfacial band alignment. Finally, planar-type PSC with AZO-2 layer exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.09% with negligible hysteresis and retains 82% of the initial efficiency after aging for 100 h under ambient conditions (relative humidity 40 +/- 5%). These results highlight the importance of atomic layer engineering for developing efficient and stable PSCs.Öğe Effect of 1,3-disubstituted urea derivatives as additives on the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(Amer Chemical Soc, 2022) Kruszynska, Joanna; Sadegh, Faranak; Patel, Manushi J.; Akman, Erdi; Yadav, Pankaj; AkIn, SeçkinAdditive engineering in perovskites precursor solution is one of the most effective methods to fabricate high-quality perovskite films. Finding proper additives for morphology improvement and passivation of the perovskite defects is critical to fabricate highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, 1,3-disubstituted urea additives are employed to study the effect of different substituents at -NH moiety on the quality of the perovskite layer and device performance. By adding 1,3-diphenyl urea (Ph-urea) or 1,3-di(tert-butyl)urea (tBu-urea) into the precursors, the crystallization process leads to the formation of perovskite films with larger grains and lower defect densities as compared to the nonsubstituted urea additive. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental spectro-scopic measurements, we found that the selected 1,3-disubstituted ureas are prone to form stronger coordination interaction with undercoordinated Pb2+ ions than the urea. Applying this additive engineering to the devices reduced the current density-voltage (J-V) hysteresis and improved the photovoltaic performance, resulting in maximum power conversion efficiencies of 21.7 and 21.2% for the Ph-urea and tBu-urea modified devices, respectively. In addition, the device with Ph-urea enhanced long-term stability, where it remains at 90% of its initial efficiency, while the device with tBu-urea degrades fast reaching 20% of its initial efficiency after aging for 90 days due to the high moisture permeability of tBu-urea.Öğe Effect of bromine doping on the charge transfer, ion migration and stability of the single crystalline MAPb(BrxI1-x)(3) photodetector(Royal Soc Chemıstry, 2021) Mahapatra, Apurba; Prochowicz, Daniel; Kruszynska, Joanna; Satapathi, Soumitra; Akın, Seçkin; Kumari, Hemant; Kumar, PawanOrganic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) have emerged as a promising semiconductor for the fabrication of efficient optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors (PDs). Among all the perovskite compositions, the mixed-halide MAPb(BrxI1-x)(3) formulations have gained more attention for photodetection application thanks to their tunable optoelectronic properties and great stability. However, there is still a lack of sufficient understanding of the effect of Br doping on the stability and physical properties of MAPb(BrxI1-x)(3) based PDs. In this work, we prepare a series of MAPb(BrxI1-x)(3) (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16) single crystals (SCs) and investigate the influence of the Br content on the crystal structure, charge transport, ion migration, and recombination phenomena. Moreover, self-powered PDs with a structure of Pt/MAPb(BrxI1-x)(3) SC/Pt have been developed, and their optoelectrical properties at different wavelengths of light sources (blue, green, red, and white) have been studied. We found that all the PDs exhibit the highest photoresponse under white light indicating their potential for broad spectrum detection applications. Particularly, the MAPb(Br0.16I0.84)(3) SC PD exhibits the highest responsivity of 2.41 mA W-1 at white light intensity, while the highest detectivity of 15.41 x 10(10) Jones was observed for the MAPb(Br0.12I0.88)(3) SC PD due to the smaller amount of trap states and suppressed ion migration, as proved by impedance spectroscopy. Finally, the photostability and one-year shelf-life stability of the corresponding PDs are demonstrated.Öğe T-shaped-n-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a new concept of dopant-free organic hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells(Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Wagner, Jakub; Chavan, Rohit D.; Kruszynska, Joanna; Ans, Muhammad; Mahapatra, Apurba; Ebiç, MuratAlthough metal halide perovskites are positioned as the most powerful light-harvesting materials for sustainable energy conversion, there is a need for a thorough understanding of molecular design principles that would guide better engineering of organic hole-transporting materials, which are vital for boosting the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. To address this formidable challenge, here, we developed a new design strategy based on the curved N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon merged with T-shaped phenazines being decorated with (phenyl)-di-p-methoxyphenylamine (OMeTAD)-N-PAH23/24 and -3,6-ditertbutyl carbazole (TBCz)-N-PAH25/26. As N-PAH23/24 exhibited satisfying thermal stability, the comparative studies performed with various experimental and simulation methods revealed a pronounced correlation between the depth of the central cyclazine core and the form of the T-shape units. This proved to be a crucial factor in controlling their pi-pi intermolecular interaction as well as self-assembly behavior with the perovskite layer, leading to enhanced humidity resistance, operational stability, and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.39% denoted for N-PAH23, which is superior to the benchmarked device with doped spiro-OMeTAD (19.23%). These studies not only resulted in optimized stability and device performance but also opened a conceptually new chemical space in the photovoltaic technology.
