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    A half-natural origin approach for anticancer and antioxidant activities using sporopollenin and pillar[5]arene macroring
    (Elsevier, 2025) Ulusu, Funda; Bilgiç, Ali; Kursunlu, Ahmed Nuri
    Sporopollenin is a natural biomacromolecule which can be found in the outer wall (exine) of spores or pollens that it can be performed with clever designing in a lot of innovative and scientific areas. In this paper, a novel sporopollenin reformed with a recently synthesized pillar[5]arene molecule were elucidated by FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA and SEM techniques. This study is the first report leading to a comprehensive investigation of the biological applications of a functionalized bio-microcapsule including antioxidant and anticancer properties. Two in vitro assays (DPPH and FRAP) were used to determine the antioxidant activities of sporopollenin and functionalized microcapsules. Furthermore, the anticancer activities of these microcapsules were tested on 2 different cancer cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7), and a fibroblast cell line (L929) by the Alamar blue assay. Among the samples tested in the antioxidant capacity results, especially Sp-P[5] exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and stood out with IC50: 101.98 f 4.32 mu g/mL in DPPH assay and IC50: 87.97 f 3.14 mu g/mL in FRAP assay. Similar to the antioxidant result, Sp-P[5] bio-microcapsule had greater cell inhibition on HT-29 (IC50: 132.31 f 5.38 mu g/mL), MCF-7 (IC50: 107.30 f 8.28 mu g/mL), and L929 (IC50: 255.80 f 4.91 mu g/mL) cell lines than Sp and Sp-APTMS. The analysis results in the study show promise for the development of sporopollenin-based micro- capsules to deliver and enhance the biological activity of compounds with therapeutic potential.
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    Water-soluble Pillar[5]arene-based drug candidates for lung and breast cancer
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Duran, Tuğce; Karaselek, Mehmet Ali; Küççüktürk, Serkan; Kursunlu, Ahmed Nuri; Özmen, Mustafa
    The objective of research was to examine the likely anticancer effectiveness of distinct pillar[5] arene derivatives, ws-penta-P[5] and ws-deca-P[5], on breast and lung cancer cell lines in vitro. To achieve this goal, breast cancer (MCF7) cells, lung cancer (A549) cells, healthy cells (HEK293) were utilized. The IC50 dose of ws-penta-P[5] and ws-deca-P[5] was determined using the MTT method. Both treatment (pillar[5] arene applied) and control (pillar[5] arene not applied) groups were established for all three cell lines. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate changes in gene expression following pillar[5] arene treatment. Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The treatment group and control group results were compared after the study. The results revealed that in both cell lines treated with ws-deca-P[5], proapoptotic gene expressions were upregulated, while antiapoptotic gene expressions and caspase activation gene expressions were down-regulated. The flow cytometry apoptosis and cell cycle analysis in treatment group compared to the control, it was observed that the apoptosis rate increased in the ws-deca-P[5] and ws-deca-P[5] were shown to cause G0/G1 phase arrest in both cell groups. Results from our study that pillar[5] arene derivatives had the potential for treating breast and lung cancer, and more research is required in this area. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.