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    God, mind and authority in spinozian thought
    (Univ Federal Ceara, Geography Posgraduate Program, 2023) Pepe, Muhammet Mustafa; Uguz, Hülya Eski
    Religion has a relevant role in the framing of social life throughout human history. In all organized and non-organized societies, the influence of religion in the organization of the social life of the individual really great. In addition to the legal ties that bind people together in the society, religious ties are also important. In short, the statement The history of humanity is shaped by the profound influence of religion is a statement that should not be underestimated. This study is based on how Spinoza defines the concepts of God, mind and authority in his thought.
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    The digital public sphere and legitimacy
    (Nova Science Publishers, 2024) Pepe, Muhammet Mustafa
    As a social being, humans fulfill most of their needs in the public sphere. The impact of technological progress on human life leads to the change and diversification of needs, and new concepts and theories redefine thinking and lifestyles. This situation differs from the conventional classical definition of the public sphere. People maintain their relations with each other in virtual environments. The digitalization of human life is turning into a digital society in which each person chooses and determines his/her own life. The prevalence of digital devices in daily life also impacts the public sphere and necessitates a redefinition of public space. Today, the concept of the public sphere is defined as the digital public sphere, and the relations between the state and society are maintained through digital tools. With the increase in digitalization, public opinion is formed through digital platforms and the agenda can be easily determined. An important problem here is that the agenda is left to the initiative of the agenda setter and can be easily manipulated. In other words, in digital life, virtual relationships replace face-to-face relationships, and public opinion can be formed, which can be manipulated with unrealistic and manipulative news, and trust-based relationships cannot be established. Public communication, diversified with algorithms, brings about ruptures at various levels in the creation of a trust-based digital public sphere. The aim of the study is to explain the reflections of digitalization on individuals, society, and the state. Within the scope of this study, the reflection of social life affected by digitalization in the public sphere is examined, and an answer is sought to the question 'How to maintain trust-based relationships in the digital public sphere?'. © 2025 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.