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Öğe A half-natural origin approach for anticancer and antioxidant activities using sporopollenin and pillar[5]arene macroring(Elsevier, 2025) Ulusu, Funda; Bilgiç, Ali; Kursunlu, Ahmed NuriSporopollenin is a natural biomacromolecule which can be found in the outer wall (exine) of spores or pollens that it can be performed with clever designing in a lot of innovative and scientific areas. In this paper, a novel sporopollenin reformed with a recently synthesized pillar[5]arene molecule were elucidated by FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA and SEM techniques. This study is the first report leading to a comprehensive investigation of the biological applications of a functionalized bio-microcapsule including antioxidant and anticancer properties. Two in vitro assays (DPPH and FRAP) were used to determine the antioxidant activities of sporopollenin and functionalized microcapsules. Furthermore, the anticancer activities of these microcapsules were tested on 2 different cancer cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7), and a fibroblast cell line (L929) by the Alamar blue assay. Among the samples tested in the antioxidant capacity results, especially Sp-P[5] exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and stood out with IC50: 101.98 f 4.32 mu g/mL in DPPH assay and IC50: 87.97 f 3.14 mu g/mL in FRAP assay. Similar to the antioxidant result, Sp-P[5] bio-microcapsule had greater cell inhibition on HT-29 (IC50: 132.31 f 5.38 mu g/mL), MCF-7 (IC50: 107.30 f 8.28 mu g/mL), and L929 (IC50: 255.80 f 4.91 mu g/mL) cell lines than Sp and Sp-APTMS. The analysis results in the study show promise for the development of sporopollenin-based micro- capsules to deliver and enhance the biological activity of compounds with therapeutic potential.Öğe Antioxidant responses to drought stress in pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.)(Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2022) Ulusu, Funda; Tümer, Kader; Ulusu, YakupMentha pulegium L. (Lamiacea) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant found in humid and arid bioclimatic regions of Turkey. Drought stress is a growing concern for the future of agriculture, as well as the most common abiotic stress factor affecting the biochemical processes of plants and seriously damaging crop productivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (polyphenol oxidase - PPO, peroxidase - POD, ascorbate peroxidase - ASPX, catalase - CAT) and some ecophysiological (total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid) responses in M. pulegium grown in pots under greenhouse conditions. In addition, oxidative stress markers were analysed to determine whether drought stress causes oxidative damage in pennyroyal. The plants were exposed to water stress during the 3rd, 6th and 10th days. All enzymatic antioxidant activities of plants under stress were increased compared to control plants. While there was a significant increase in PPO and POD activities in the first days of drought treatment, the prolongation of the treatment period resulted in a significant decrease in these activities. In addition, drought significantly increased lipid peroxidation (294%), hydrogen peroxide (158%) and proline (3172%) content compared to controls. These results show that drought treatment and duration significantly affect antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and proline content. DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,20’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging activity, Fe+2 (FRAP) reducing activity and total phenolic content analysis were performed to analyse the effects of drought stress on antioxidant properties of pennyroyal plant. In addition, the decrease in photosynthetic pigment content in parallel with the prolongation of the drought period due to oxidative damage shows that this valuable medicinal and aromatic plant has low tolerance to drought.Öğe Antioxidant responses to drought stress in pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.)(2022) Ulusu, Funda; Tümer, Kader; Ulusu, YakupMentha pulegium L. (Lamiacea) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant found in humid and arid bioclimatic regions of Turkey. Drought stress is a growing concern for the future of agriculture, as well as the most common abiotic stress factor affecting the biochemical processes of plants and seriously damaging crop productivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (polyphenol oxidase - PPO, peroxidase - POD, ascorbate peroxidase - ASPX, catalase - CAT) and some ecophysiological (total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid) responses in M. pulegium grown in pots under greenhouse conditions. In addition, oxidative stress markers were analysed to determine whether drought stress causes oxidative damage in pennyroyal. The plants were exposed to water stress during the 3rd, 6th and 10th days. All enzymatic antioxidant activities of plants under stress were increased compared to control plants. While there was a significant increase in PPO and POD activities in the first days of drought treatment, the prolongation of the treatment period resulted in a significant decrease in these activities. In addition, drought significantly increased lipid peroxidation (294%), hydrogen peroxide (158%) and proline (3172%) content compared to controls. These results show that drought treatment and duration significantly affect antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and proline content. DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,20’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging activity, Fe+2 (FRAP) reducing activity and total phenolic content analysis were performed to analyse the effects of drought stress on antioxidant properties of pennyroyal plant. In addition, the decrease in photosynthetic pigment content in parallel with the prolongation of the drought period due to oxidative damage shows that this valuable medicinal and aromatic plant has low tolerance to drought.Öğe Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles mediated by cistus salviifolius L. and Ferula communis L. extracts and evaluation of their antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic potentials(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Ulusu, Funda; Ulusu, YakupIn this research, we employed a microwave-assisted green synthesis method utilizing extracts from Cistus salviifolius L. and Ferula communis L. to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Subsequently, we characterized the biosynthesized AgNPs, both Cs-AgNPs (derived from C. salviifolius) and Fc-AgNPs (derived from F. communis), through UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. The AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with sizes averaging below 11 nm. To assess their antioxidant activity, we employed the DPPH method. Furthermore, we examined the antimicrobial potential of Cs-AgNPs and Fc-AgNPs against pathogenic bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli, using the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Cs-AgNPs and Fc-AgNPs on various cell lines, namely breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon carcinoma (HT-29), human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and embryonic kidney (HEK-293), employing the Alamar Blue assay. Our findings indicate that the biosynthesized Cs-AgNPs and Fc-AgNPs possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Therefore, the current study suggests that Cs-AgNPs and Fc-AgNPs exhibit potential for treating cancer and diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.Öğe Changes in cytotoxic capacity, phenolic profile, total phenols and flavonoids of Nigella damascena L. seed extracts under different liquid fertilization(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Ulusu, Funda; Şahin, AliNigella damascena L. is an annual herbaceous valuable medicinal and aromatic plant in the Ranunculaceae family. For the first time with this study, the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the total phenolic-flavonoid content and phenolic compound profile in N. damascena seeds were investigated. Also, cytotoxic activities of n-hexane and methanol extracts (0–300 μg/mL) from fertilized seeds against breast (MCF-7) and pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) cancer and embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell lines were determined. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the methanol extract of seeds were obtained from chemical-3 L/da (0.196 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g) and organic- 1200 mL/da (3.85 ± 0.04 mg QE/g) fertilizer treatments, respectively. Phenolic compounds identified qualitatively by HPLC-PDA in the seeds were epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin hydrate, apigenin and naringenin. Fertilized seed n-hexane extracts caused greater cell inhibition compared to control and showed remarkable selective cytotoxicity against the two cancer cell lines investigated in vitro. However, even at the highest concentration (300 μg/mL) of all seed methanol extracts, 50% cell inhibition did not occur in both cancer and healthy cell lines. Results show that N. damascena seed extracts can be studied further in terms of having an anticancer agent potential.Öğe Effects of fertilizer type on phenolic compounds, essential oil content, and biological activities of Coriandrum sativum L.(2024) Ulusu, FundaOrganic and inorganic fertilizers play an important role in improving the nutritional quality of coriander plant (Coriandrum sativum L.). This study consists of 3 different fertilizer applications to coriander: Control-T0 (no fertilizer); organic fertilizer- T1 (300-600 mL/da); chemical fertilizer-T2 (2-3 L/da); vermicompost-T3 (1.5 L/da). It was conducted in three replicates in a randomized block design to evaluate the effect of different fertilizer applications on the morphological, biochemical and antioxidant potential of coriander plants. It has been observed that fertilizer applications have a significant effect on the morphological, biochemical and antioxidant properties of the plant, and especially in the coriander of seeds organic fertilizer and vermicompost applications have higher phenolic and flavonoid contents (1.82, 2.14 mg GAE/g DW and 2.57, 2.46 mg QE/g DW, respectively). In the GC-MS analysis, linalool was determined as the main compound and the highest concentration of 76.44% was obtained as a result of organic fertilizer application. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH radical-scavenging assay and the most effective antioxidant activity was determined from organic origin fertilizer (organic-IC50: 27.35±2.52 µg/mL, vermicompost-IC50: 29.42±2.41 µg/mL) applications.Öğe Exploring the therapeutic potential of microwave-assisted biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Erica manipuliflora fl ora Salisb.: A comprehensive study on anticancer and antibacterial potentials(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Ulusu, FundaSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) continue to attract interest due to their potential applications in biomedicine, especially in relation to their antibacterial and anticancer properties. In this respect, it is important to develop biosynthesis techniques that are environmentally friendly and include new sources. This is the first report on microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Erica manipuliflora Salisb. ( E.m AgNPs). ). In this study, the anti-cancer and antibacterial activity of E.m AgNPs and E. manipuliflora extracts were evaluated. Characterization of E.m AgNPs were performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed the characteristic peak of E.m AgNPs at A max = 425 nm. The SEM and TEM results indicated that the nanoparticles were spherical and ranged in size from 2.45 to 9.95 nm. The antibacterial results, it was determined that E.m AgNPs (50 mg mL 1 ) (8.4-21.1 mm ZOI) caused more effective inhibition on both gram positive ( Bacillus subtilis, , Staphylococcus aureus, , Enterococcus faecalis) ) and gram negative ( Escherichia coli) ) bacteria compared to all plant extracts (50 mg mL 1 ) (8.13-17.16 mm ZOI). Among the cancer (MCF-7 and HT-29) and healthy (HaCaT and HEK-293) cell lines, E.m AgNPs exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells (IC50: 50 : 87.22 m g mL 1 ). The hexane extract was the most effective inhibitory extract on cell proliferation of all cell lines and showed the highest cell inhibition in MCF-7 cells (IC50: 50 : 43.06 m g mL 1 ). The results revealed that both E.m AgNPs and E. manipuliflora extracts showed promising antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains and had potential anticancer activity. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Öğe Farklı gübre uygulamalarının Nigella damascena L. (Şam çörekotu) bitkisinde sekonder metabolit ve sitotoksik aktivite üzerine etkisi(Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, 2021) Ulusu, Funda; Şahin, AliNigella damascena L. Ranunculaceae (Düğünçiçeğigiller) familyasına ait farmakolojik açıdan son derece önemli sekonder metabolitler içeren ve pek çok terapötik özelliği bulunan değerli tıbbi ve aromatik bir bitkidir. Bu tez çalışmasında Nigella damascena bitkisi sera koşullarında yetiştirilmiş, vejetatif ve generatif gelişme dönemlerinde farklı dozlarda uygulanan sıvı formdaki organik, solucan ve kimyasal gübrelerin, bitkinin hem fenolojik, morfolojik, verim ve kalite üzerine hem de elde edilen tohumların sekonder metabolit (sabit yağ-GC-FID, uçucu yağ-GC-MS, fenolik bileşik-HPLC, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriği-sprektrofotometrik) içeriğine olan etkilerinin aydınlatılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca tohumlardan oluşturulan ekstrelerin (0-300μg/mL) meme (MCF-7) ve pankreas (MIA PACA-2) kanser ve emriyonik böbrek (HEK 293) hücre hatlarına karşı sitotoksik aktiviteleri, alamar mavisi testi ile analizleri yapılarak bu ekstrelerin olası antikanser aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. N. damascena bitkisinde organik iki katı gübre uygulamasının en kısa sürede çimlenmeye ve çiçeklenmeye neden olduğu, morfolojik, verim ve kalite kriterlerini kimyasal iki katı hariç tüm gübre uygulamalarının kontrol grubuna kıyasla istatistiki açıdan önemli bir şekilde teşvik ettiği belirlenmiştir. Tohumlarda 17 farklı yağ asidi belirlenmiş ve doymamış yağ asitlerinin ana bileşenleri sırasıyla linoleik asit (18:2) (%47.34-57.21), oleik asit (18:1) (%23.2-32.5) olarak bulunmuştur. GC-MS ile 18 farklı uçucu yağ bileşiği tespit edilmiş, ana bileşeni β-elemene (%19.47-62.32) olarak görülmüştür. HPLC ile kalitatif olarak tanımlanan fenolik bileşikler epikateşin, p-kumarik asit, ferulik asit, rutin hidrat, apigenin ve naringenin'dir. Ayrıca n-hekzan tohum ekstreleri (0-300 μg/mL) MIA PACA-2'ya (IC50: 77.65 ± 1.82 μg/mL-24sa, IC50: 55.16 ± 2.44 μg/mL-48sa) karşı, MCF-7'den (IC50: 141.05 ± 2.76 μg/mL-24sa, IC50: 89.97 ± 7.98 μg/mL-48sa) daha fazla sitotoksik aktiviteye sahip olurken, HEK 293'te %50 hücre inhibisyonu gerçekleştirememiştir. Özellikle organik ile vermikompost gübre uygulamalarına ait n-hekzan ekstrelerinde daha güçlü sitotoksisite görülmüştür.Öğe In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities on human cervical cancer cells in three different plant extracts from Turkey(2023) Ulusu, FundaThe objective of this investigation was to assess the total phenolic and flavonoid content within acetone and water extracts derived from Erica manipuliflora, Ferula communis, and Stevia rebaudiana plants. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of these extracts were evaluated using the human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line as a model. Among the three plant species examined, the highest concentrations of total phenols and flavonoids were found in the acetone extract of E. manipuliflora, measuring 365.29 mg GAE/g DW and 105.42 mg QE/g DW, respectively. Acetone and water extracts of E. manipuliflora showed higher DPPH scavenging activities (IC50: 37.57 and 33.27 µg/mL, respectively) compared to other plants. furthermore, E. manipuliflora acetone extract (IC50: 97.35 µg/mL) exhibited the highest inhibition in the HeLa cell line treated with the extracts, thus being the most effective extract on this cell line. As a result of the analyzes, it has been shown that F. communis and S. rebaudiana and especially E. manipuliflora are important natural antioxidant sources with their strong radical scavenging effects, as well as the anticancer potential of these plants.Öğe The influence of tannins purified from Eastern Mediterranean Region plants (Pinus brutia Ten. and Quercus coccifera L.) on carbon mineralization: Antimicrobial and antimutagenic evaluation(2023) Ulusu, Funda; Darıcı, CengizTannins, which are polyphenols with a wide variety of quality-quantity that control the carbon and nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems, are very interesting because of their protein binding abilities and forming a complex structure with other compounds. In this study, the purified tannin content of Pinus brutia Ten. and Quercus coccifera L., the two dominant plant species of the Eastern Mediterranean region, and the effect of these tannins on C dynamics in a forest soil (O and A horizon) were evaluated. In addition, antimicrobial effects of tannin extracts on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis bacteria by disc diffusion method and antimutagenic effects on Allium cepa root tip cells were evaluated. Total phenol (TP) and condense tannins (CT) concentrations of P. brutia and Q. coccifera leaves ranged from 0.78–1.33 ?g/100mg DW and 4.68–1.35 ?g/100mg DW, respectively. With the addition of tannin extract to the soils, C mineralization (27th day) was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Both P. brutia tannin extract (PTE) and Q. coccifera tannin extract (QTE) exhibited antibacterial activity in the range of 8±0.2–35±1.1 mm zone diameter by inhibiting their microbial growth against test microorganisms. In addition, tannin treatments caused a dose-dependent mitotic index decrease in onion root tip cells and a serious inhibition by showing toxic effects on mitotic division stages. As a result, our data showed that C mineralization in soil is affected by different tannin sources and these tannin extracts have significant antimicrobial activity against pathogens and cytotoxic activity in A. cepa root tip cells.Öğe Nigella damascena L. bitkisinde farklı gübre uygulamalarının fenolojik özellikler üzerine etkileri(2020) Ulusu, Funda; Şahin, Ali EkberBu çalışma Şam çörekotu (Nigella damascena L.) bitkisine farklı sıvı gübre çeşitlerinin (organik, vermikompost ve sentetik gübre) farklı konsantrasyonlarda (yarısı, öneri, iki katı) uygulanmasının bitkinin çıkış süresi, çiçeklenme süresi ve vejetasyon süresi üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma tesadüfi deneme desenine göre 2018-2019 döneminde Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Araştırma Serası’nda saksılarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol grubu ile birlikte 9 farklı uygulama grubu oluşturularak analizler 4 tekrarlı olarak yapılmıştır. Gübreler ekim öncesinde tohumlara, filizlendikten sonra (10-15cm uzunluğunda iken) ve çiçeklenme dönemi olmak üzere 3 kez uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre gübre uygulama grupları içerisinde en hızlı çıkış ve çiçeklenmeyi sağlama ve ilk hasat organik iki katı (600-1200mL/da) grubunda görülmüştür. En geç çıkış ve çiçeklenmenin kimyasal (sentetik) öneri (2-3L/da) grubunda, en uzun vejetasyon süresinin (son hasat) ise kimyasal iki katı (4-6L/da) uygulamasında olduğu görülmüştür. Kontrol grubuna kıyasla tüm gübre uygulamalarının bitkinin fenolojik özellikleri üzerinde sürelerin kısalmasına etki ettiği gözlemlenmiştir.Öğe Örtü altı organik domates yetiştiriciliğinde farklı gübre uygulamalarının bitki yeşil aksamı ve meyve verimine etkisi(2017) Ulusu, Funda; Yavuzaslanoğlu, ElifTürkiye'de örtü altı sebze yetiştiriciliğinde domates ilk sıradadır ve domates üretiminin yaklaşık %34'ü (3.614.472 ton), örtü altında gerçekleştirilmektedir. Türkiye'deki verim artışı nitelikli çeşit ve tohumluk kullanımının yanında örtü altı tarımının yaygınlaşmasından kaynaklanmıştır. Örtü altı organik domates yetiştiriciliğinde ekonomik verim alınabilmesi için sentetik gübreler kullanılamayacağından alternatif diğer gübre(ahır gübresi, yeşil gübre, organik gübre, vermikompost vs.) uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla, sunulan çalışmada organik ve solucan sıvı gübreleri ile humik asit ve mikoriza preparatlarının kombinasyonlarını içeren 8 farklı gübre uygulamasının domates meyve verimi ve bitki yeşil aksamına etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya uygulama olmayan negatif kontrol ve sentetik sıvı gübre içeren pozitif kontrol uygulamaları dâhil edilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak sera koşullarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede domates meyve verimi; meyve eni, çapı ve ağırlığı bakımından değerlendirilmiş, uygulamalardaki bitki yeşil aksamının taze ve kuru ağırlığı karşılaştırılmıştır. Gübre uygulamalarında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılık elde edilmemekle birlikte, en yüksek domates meyve verimi mikoriza ile birlikte uygulanan sıvı organik gübre (7,17 kg/ parsel) ve solucan gübresi (4,80 kg/ parsel) uygulamalarında elde edilmiştir. Meyve boyu ve eni için de benzer sonuçlar kayıt edilmiştir. Bitki yeşil aksamı taze ve kuru ağırlığı sırasıyla 2,01 ile 5,92 ve 0,368 ile 1,153 kg arasında değişmiş ve uygulamalar arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılık görülmemiştir. Ancak meyve verimine paralel olarak en fazla bitki aksamı mikoriza ve sıvı organik gübre uygulamasında elde edilmiştir.Öğe Physio-biochemical responses of registered bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to drought stress: Variations in antioxidant parameters and photosynthetic pigment amounts(2024) Koç, Canan; Ulusu, Funda; Ulusu, YakupIn this study, physio-biochemical parameters of 7 registered bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Gerek 79, Sultan 95, Haymana 79, Grk/Cty, T98-9, Pastor, PM ME1) were investigated under drought stress conditions. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), photosynthetic pigment, total protein, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation (malonyldialdehyde-MDA) and proline levels were determined in this wheat genotypes exposed to different drought duration (3rd, 6th and 10th day). As a result of this study, among 7 different wheat genotypes, Gerek 79 and Haymana 79 genotypes were the most physiologically sensitive to drought. In comparison, Pastor and Sultan 95 genotypes were the most drought-tolerant varieties. In addition, in parallel with the prolongation of the drought period in wheat varieties in general, it was determined that the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased significantly due to oxidative damage, while proline and MDA content increasedÖğe Preparation of pillar[5]arene functionalized silica gel hybrid material: investigation of biological (antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cancer) properties(Springer, 2024) Ulusu, Funda; Bilgiç, AliThe current study presents the incorporation of APTMS and pillar[5]arene groups into the molecular structures of silica gel materials whose structures were elucidated by characterization techniques such as SEM, FT-IR, and TGA. Comprehensive biological applications of these derivatives such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer were evaluated for the first time in the study. The data show the effectiveness of the silica gel materials, especially Si-APTMS-pillar[5]arene, in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms with its strong antibacterial properties against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. They also reveal that these materials have significant antioxidant pharmacological potential with their significant DPPH scavenging activities. The results obtained from cytotoxicity studies highlight their potential as anticancer agents, with the synthesized silica gel materials, especially Si-APTMS-pillar[5]arene materials, having a greater inhibitory effect on cancer cell lines compared to healthy cell lines over a 24 h period. This comprehensive research illustrates the promising versatility of the silica gel materials in a variety of biomedical and environmental applications, including cancer therapy, antimicrobial strategies, and free radical neutralization. APTMS and pillar[5]arene groups have been successfully added to the molecular structures of silica gel materials.The surface of Si, Si-APTMS and [5] materials was characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, TGA, SEM.The comprehensive biological applications of Si, Si-APTMS and [5], including antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-cancer studies, were realised for the first time in this study.Remarkable anti-cancer mechanisms of [5] supramolecule on HT-29 cell line were suggested.Silica gel materials have efficacy in combating pathogenic microorganisms with strong antibacterial properties and pharmacological potential as important antioxidative materials with pronounced DPPH scavenging activities.Öğe Quaternary nanorods: promising versatile agents for cancer therapy, antimicrobial strategies and free radical neutralization(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Ulusu, Funda; Sarilmaz, Adem; Ulusu, Yakup; Ozel, FarukCu2XSnS4 (CXTS; X: Zn, Mn or Co) nanorods (NRs) were prepared by a simple hot-injection method and their cytotoxic activities on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), metastatic melanoma (451Lu) and embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines were investigated for the first time. The antibacterial activities of these nanoparticles on both gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) pathogenic bacteria as well as their DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities were evaluated. The structural characterizations show that the obtained nanoparticles have the same crystal structure and are shaped as nanorods with an average 10-40 nm edge length. The data obtained in cytotoxicity studies revealed that the synthesized CXTS NRs have a significant inhibition effect, especially on cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and 451Lu), in a dose-dependent manner over a period of 24 h, demonstrating their potential for use as anticancer agents. In addition, the findings indicate that the synthesized nanorods possess strong antibacterial properties against the pathogenic microorganisms tested and display a marked antioxidant effect through efficient elimination of DPPH activity. This comprehensive study sheds light on the creation and development of CXTS NRs as promising versatile agents in various biomedical and environmental applications such as cancer therapy, antimicrobial strategies and the neutralization of free radicals.Öğe Zinc Fertilizer Applications to Ocimum basilicum L. under Water Stress: Changes in the Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Essential Oil Compounds and Morphological Properties(2023) Ulusu, FundaWater stress poses a significant challenge for plant growth and productivity, impacting both yield and quality. With the ongoing changes in global climate, mitigating the adverse effects of water deficiency on plants has become crucial. In this study, the focus is on enhancing the tolerance of Ocimum basilicum L., a plant highly susceptible to water stress. To achieve this, in this study examined the effects of zinc fertilizer supplementation at varying rates (2.5 - 5 and 10 mg/kg) on O. basilicum grown in silty sandy soil and subjected to water stress conditions. Several parameters, including mineral uptake, morphological characteristics, total phenol and flavonoid contents, and essential oil compounds, were evaluated in sweet basil. The results revealed that water stress had a detrimental impact on the morphological properties and secondary metabolites analysed. Estragole emerged as the main compound in the essential oil analysis, with the highest concentration (69.37%) observed in the group treated with 10 mg/kg of zinc fertilizer. Conversely, the lowest concentration (66.14%) was recorded in the water-stressed group without fertilizer. Notably, the application of zinc fertilizer at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly ameliorated the negative effects induced by water stress. Furthermore, zinc exhibited diverse mechanisms of action concerning the uptake of other nutrients from the soil.
