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Öğe A comparison of extraction methods for preparation of glucosinolate-containing extracts from brassica juncea antagonistic toward ditylenchus dipsaci(Brill Academic Publishers, 2024) Temiz, Mehmet A.; Aksay, Gamze; Özcan, Ali; Yavuzaslanoğlu, ElifThe stem and bulb nematode, a globally distributed pest, primarily affects onions and garlic, causing significant yield losses. Chemical treatments are a practical and effective method for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes to protect high-value crops. However, to minimise environmental damage, chemicals of natural origin need to be investigated. Brown mustard (Brassica juncea) plant is an annual plant in the Brassicaceae family, which is rich in bioactive compounds called glucosinolates. These bioactive compounds play a major role in the defence of Brassica plants against biotic stress factors in nature. Based on this point, efforts to develop plant protection products from the brown mustard plant are ongoing. In this study, the most suitable pre-extraction and extraction conditions were determined to ensure the maximum preservation of glucosinolate content and biological activity, to process brown mustard on an industrial scale. For this purpose, steam treatment was applied before extraction at 3 bar (=3 × 105 Pa) pressure for 1 and 3 min. Four different temperatures (room temperature, 40, 55 and 70°C) and two different methanol concentrations (70% and 80%) were tested to optimise glucosinolates extraction from brown mustard. It was found that sinigrin was the most abundant glucosinolate, with extraction yields 1184.4 ± 14.4 mg kg-1 at 55°C for 3 min, and 2624.2 ± 98.5 mg kg-1 at 70°C/70% MeOH for 1 min. However, nematode immobility was higher at 55°C/70% MeOH for 3 min. It was determined that the application of hot steam for 3 min at 3 bar pressure as a pre-extraction process provided optimal conditions for methanolic extraction. The results may contribute significantly to the development of potential plant protection products with further studies. © MEHMET A. TEMIZ ET AL., 2024.Öğe Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının ve nanopreparatlarının soğan sak nematodu Ditylenchus dipsaci ile mücadelede etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi(Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2025) Aksay, Gamze; Yavuzaslanoğlu, Elif; Özcan, AliBu tez çalışmasında roka, turp, kahverengi hardal ve karagöz kadife bitkilerinin ekstraktlarının ve nano-preparatlarının in vitro ve in vivo denemelerde Ditylenchus dipsaci'ye karşı mücadelede kullanım potansiyeli belirlenmiştir. In vitro denemelerde roka, turp ve karagöz kadife bitkisinde en yüksek nematosidal aktivite 60℃ de 30 dk'da sırasıyla %95, 94 ve 75,3 olarak elde edilmiştir. Roka bitkisinin bütün aksamında en düşük etkili doz 2 mg/ml ve etki süresi 7. günde %50 olarak belirlenmiştir. Turp yumru ekstraktında 50 µl/ml 'nin etkili olduğu ve etkinlik süresinin 4. günde %88,55 olduğu görülmüştür. Karagöz kadifede en düşük etkili dozun 100 µl/ml olduğu ve %99,46 oranda nematisidal etki oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Etkinlik süresinin 4.günde %91,8 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hardal bitkisinde en yüksek nematisidal etki taze dondurulmuş yapraklardan ultrasonik destekli ekstraktsiyon yöntemi ile 70 ℃'de 15 dk da elde edilmiştir. En düşük etkili dozun 50 µl/ml olduğu ve etkinlik süresinin 3. günde %93,6 oranda nematisidal etki oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Nano-preparatlar in vitro denemelerde en yüksek etkiyi gösteren hardal ve karagöz kadife bitkilerinin en düşük etkili dozları ile oluşturularak in vitro ve in vivo nematisidal etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Hardal ekstraktının nano-preparatı 4. günde %82 nematisidal etki göstermiştir. In vivo denemelerde soğan bitkisi steril ve steril olmayan koşullarda yetiştirilmiş ve nano-preparat ve ekstraktların nematod üremesine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Denemeler ayrı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Nematod üreme oranları uygulamalar arasında değişkenlik göstermekle birlikle ümitvar olduğu görülmüştür. Ekstraktların toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid miktarı belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin hepsinde toplam flavonoid miktarı yüksek bulunmuştur. Hardal nano-preparatının SEM analizi ile gözenekli amorf yapıya sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.Öğe In vitro effectiveness of some plant species as green manure for the control of stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci)(2021) Yavuzaslanoğlu, Elif; Aksay, Gamze; Çetinkaya, AhmetStem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936, is a plant parasitic nematode that causes significant losses in plant production in the world. One of the promising methods for control of soil-borne diseases and pests that do not accumulate in nature is green manure application. Studies on the effectiveness of green manure on stem and bulb nematode are limited. In this study, the activity of 4 plant species from Brassicaceae family and one Tagetes patula L. variety on stem and bulb nematode was investigated in vitro. In the study, rates of motionless nematodes were recorded in the water and sand medium in 4 days and 11 days in five plant species. The efficiency of the plant species was increased over time. In all treatments in the study, the highest rate of motionless nematodes was obtained with arugula. On the 4th and 11th days in the water medium, 84.1% and 95.7% of motionless nematodes were obtained, respectively, while in the sand medium, the rate of motionless nematodes was 60.2% and 86.1%. Following the arugula, Tagetes patula showed activity at the rates of 72.9% and 98.3% in the water medium and 40.9% and 81.9% in the sand medium on the 4th and 11th days, respectively. Radish was also found promising with 62.5% and 94.2% in water medium, 59.2% and 80.9 in the sand medium, on the 4th and 11th days, respectively. The data obtained in the study provided preliminary data for green manure applications under field conditions.Öğe The interaction of the mycorrhizae of the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (Walker & Schüßler, 2010) (Glomerales: Glomeraceae) and the stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on the onion plant (Allium cepa L.) (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae)(2021) Yavuzaslanoğlu, Elif; Aksay, Gamze; Çetinkaya, Ahmet; Delen, BüşraSoğan sak nematodu ana konukçusu olan soğan bitkisinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan bir bitki paraziti nematod türüdür. Mikoriza bitki gelişimini ve sistemik dayanıklılığını arttırarak bitkileri çoğu hastalık ve zararlı etmenlerine karşı dayanıklı hale getirmektedir. Ancak soğan sak nematodu ile ilişkisine yönelik ayrıntılı bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Soğan bitkisinde mikorizanın soğan sak nematodu üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Mikoriza soğanda nematod penetrasyonu ve üremesini önemli oranda etkilememiştir. Ortalama penetrasyon oranları mikorizalı ve mikorizasız bitkilerde sırasıyla %13.5 ve %7.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Üreme oranı büyütme dolabında 0.6-1.3 kat, serada 0.7-3.6 kat olarak elde edilmiştir. Bitki ağırlığı uygulamalarda 0.9-2.2 g arasında kayıt edilmiştir. Mikorizanın soğan bitkisinin gelişimini arttırarak soğan sak nematoduna toleransını arttırması nedeniyle, soğan sak nematodunun bulaşık olduğu soğan yetiştirme alanlarında yaygınlaştırılması faydalıdır.Öğe Status of onion production in Türkiye and in the world, effects of abiotic and biotic stress factors(2023) Aksay, Gamze; Yavuzaslanoğlu, ElifOnion plant is an indispensable additive for meals in the world and in our country. It is an important strategic agricultural product containing phytochemicals effective in the treatment of various diseases, as a medicinal and aromatic plant, as well as for consumption as food for humans. In the light of the statistical information examined, it is seen that there are changes in the supply of the onion plant to the market from year to year. The reasons for this seem to be annual land planning, input prices and human factors effective during production, as well as the damage rates of abiotic and biotic factors. In this study, the status of onion cultivation in Türkiye and in the world and the effects of abiotic and biotic factors encountered in cultivation are explained. In order to prevent fluctuations in supply to and prices in the market, it should be at the forefront of annual product planning, and producers should focus on raising awareness and training activities for growing healthy onions with high tolerance to diseases and pests.Öğe Susceptibility of different plant species to two populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci Kuhn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Turkey(Entomological SocTurkey Ege Univ., 2021) Yavuzaslanoğlu, Elif; Aksay, GamzeStem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci Kuhn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae), is one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes worldwide. The host range of local populations needs to be determined for control using crop rotation. Susceptibility of 29 plant species was tested for onion and garlic populations of D. dipsaci from Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey under growth chamber conditions in Karaman in 2019. Based on the reproduction factor of the nematodes, garlic, onion and tomato were excellent hosts for both populations of D. dipsaci. Pea and spinach were excellent hosts for the onion population, while good host for the garlic population with cucumber a good host for both populations. Eggplant, pepper and zucchini were identified as poor hosts for both nematode populations. Bean and potato were poor hosts for the onion population, and were non-hosts for the garlic population. Alfalfa, barley, carrot, chickpea, daffodil, hyacinth, kale, leek, lettuce, maize, melon, oat, rye, strawberry, sugar beet, tobacco, tulip and wheat were non-hosts for both populations of D. dipsaci. Infection with D. dipsaci significantly reduced plant weight of onion and tomato, and plant height of pepper. Rotational crops for use in areas infected with D. dipsaci in Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey were indicated by the current study.
