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Öğe Building an eco-friendly, biocompatible, and ratiometric NIR fluorescent sensor for the rapid detection of trace Pd2+ in real samples and living cells(2025) Aydın, Duygu; Erdemir, Serkan; Oğuz, Mehmet; Koçyiğit, Özkan; Malkondu, SaitThe increasing industrial use of palladium has led to its environmental accumulation, raising concerns about its toxicity to aquatic life and human health. Therefore, fluorescent probes capable of detecting Pd2+ are highly beneficial. With this objective, a new near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe based on a cyanine dye, 2 ((E)-2-((E)2-((dimethylcarbamothioyl)oxy)-3-(2-((Z)-1,3,3-trimethylindolin-2ylidene)ethylidene)cyclohex - 1-en-1-yl) vinyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium iodide (CNS), was synthesized for selective and rapid detection of Pd2+. The detection reaction followed the elimination of thiocarbamate moiety, leading to the highly fluorescent product. CNS demonstrated remarkable sensitivity (detection limit: 0.105 mu M), high selectivity, short response time (1.0 min), long lifetime (0.88 ns), and easily detectable color changes upon Pd2+ exposure. A CNS-loaded TLC strip integrated with a smartphone detection system was able to detect Pd2+ in solutions, soil, and drug samples. In addition, CNS enabled concentration-dependent detection of Pd2+ in onion roots and epidermis. Because of low cytotoxicity, good membrane permeability, NIR fluorescence, and high contrast, CNS has been successfully applied to Pd2+ bioimaging in living cells, targeting mitochondria. Compared to existing probes, CNS offers superior sensitivity, selectivity, and adaptability for sensing applications.Öğe Coumarin based highly selective "off-on-off" type novel fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ and S2- in aqueous solution(Springer/ Plenum Publishers, 2017) Elmas Karuk, Şükriye Nihan; Özen, Furkan; Koran, Kenan; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Görgülü, Ahmet Orhan; Erdemir, SerkanSolvent free synthesis of 6,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-chlorophenyl) coumarin (CFHC) was designed and obtained by the interaction of 2-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)acrylonitrile with pyridinium hydrochloride in the presence of silica gel by using microwave irradiation. The characterization of CFHC was confirmed by FT-IR, H-1, C-13, C-13-APT and 2D HETCOR spectroscopy methods. The optical behavior of CFHC towards metal ions was investigated by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. CFHC showed "on-off" type fluorescence response towards Cu2+ with high selectivity in aqueous solution (CH3CN/H2O, 9/1, v/v). Once binding with Cu2+, CFHC-Cu2+ complex also displayed high selectivity for sulfide, resulting in "off-on" type sensing of sulfide anion.Öğe Low-level tracking palladium species with a xanthene-indandione conjugated system in foodstuff, environmental samples, and living cells(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Altun, Ayşe Betül; Aydın, Duygu; Oğuz, Mehmet; Erdemir, SerkanPalladium (Pd) is a significant heavy metal with outstanding catalytic properties, extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical industry and organic chemistry. Due to the detrimental impact of palladium on human health and the environment, there is a pressing need for efficient and convenient analytical techniques. In this context, we have created a simple fluorescent switch-on probe, INX-Pd, for the selective determination of Pd0. The allyl carbonate in INX-Pd could be entirely cleaved by Pd0 to produce the intermediate INX-OH, resulting in distinct colorimetric and fluorometric alterations. INX-Pd displayed high sensitivity in detecting Pd0, with a detection limit of 56 nM, and a fast response time (2.0 min). INX-Pd was successively utilized to determine Pd0 in drugs, water, soil, and various foodstuff samples as well as smartphone and test strips. Moreover, cell imaging experiments demonstrated that INX-Pd is suitable for imaging Pd0 in living cells.Öğe Nanomolar Turn-On Hg2+ detection by a fluorescein based fluorescent probe: DFT calculations, bioimaging and on-site assay kit studies(Elsevier Science Sa, 2023) Erdemir, Serkan; Aydin, Duygu; Kocyigit, OzcanSensitive yet rapid methodologies for efficient recognition of toxic heavy metals, like Hg2+, would avert the poisonous impacts of these elements on the environment and human health. Herein, we present a highly selective fluoresceine-based fluorogenic probe FP for Hg2+ recognition with quick response, an impressive LOD of 67.1 nM, high sensitivity, and a linear emission increment relationship with Hg2+ concentration (0-20.0 mu M). FP could specifically recognize Hg2+ and it exhibited a 250-fold emission enhancement at 515 nm to Hg2+, but no response to other common cations. The mechanism for FP-Hg2+ was completely examined through FTIR, 1H NMR, TOF-MS, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. To examine naked-eye recognition of Hg2+, the FP-coated silica plates, and cotton swabs were productively manufactured for the sensing of Hg2+. Besides, FP was able to recognize Hg2+ in biological systems with excellent efficiency. Overall, ultra-fast recognition property of FP for Hg2+, high sensitivity, and selectivity of FP against Hg2+ could be conveniently utilized to prevent the toxicity of Hg2+.Öğe New Fe3+ specific "turn-on" fluorescent sensor based on H-2 saldien-substituted phenanthroimidazole: Fabrication and practical applications(Elsevier, 2021) Erdemir, Serkan; Alıcı, Önder; Aydın, Duygu; Koçyiğit, ÖzcanPrecise recognition of Fe3+ in a biological system and ecological environment is of great importance. Therefore, a new phenanthroimidazole based chemosensor SP (H-2 saldien-substituted phenanthroimidazole) was designed, fabricated and evaluated as a facile fluorogenic "OFF-ON" type chemosensor toward Fe3+ in aqueous solution. The SP could sensitively and selectively recognize Fe3+ with a limit of detection of 0.36 mu M. The sensing mechanism for the SP-Fe3+ system was successfully proven on FT-IR spectroscopy, TOF-MS and the calculations of DFT (density functional theory). It is found that the SP could be basically recycled through treating with EDTA. Moreover, Fe3+ can be visualized by prepared SP in the test kit and low-cost smartphone sensor applications. Evidently, the experiments manifested that the prepared SP was capable of recognizing of Fe3+ in aqueous media. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe A ratiometric and switchable fluorescent sensor based on calix[4]arene-HBT with a large Stokes shift for the real-time detecting Zn2+ and Cu2+ in living cells(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Erdemir, Serkan; Aydın, Duygu; Oğuz, MehmetThough Zn2+ and Cu2+ have several critical roles in biological and environmental media, they may also induce a variety of detrimental effects. Hence, the monitoring of trace amounts of Zn2+ and Cu2+ in biological systems and ecological environment is of great significance due to their harmful impacts on living organisms. To serve this purpose, we designed and constructed a simple benzothiazole-calixarene (C-HBT)-based ratiometric and fluorometric probe with a large Stokes shift of 206 nm to recognize Zn2+ and Cu2+. The detection levels of C-HBT for Zn2+/Cu2+were as low as 35.1 nM and 66.7nM,and high binding constant values were obtained within an extremely short time (10.0 s),respectively. Furthermore, with the assistance of inexpensive, viable and straightforward Smartphone and cotton swab applications, C-HBT was successfully applied for the on-site and naked eye recognition of Zn2+/Cu2+.Finally, the remarkable performance of C-HBT towards Zn2+/Cu2+with negligible cytotoxicity was achieved in living cells.Öğe Reversible NIR emitting fluorescent sensor with biocompatible and large Stokes shift for the Zn2+in environmental samples and living cells(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Aydın, Duygu; Oğuz, Mehmet; Alıcı, Önder; Erdemir, SerkanHerein, a simple dicyanoisophoron-based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent sensor IQ has been designed and constructed for the rapid recognition of Zn2+ in environmental samples and living systems. The synthesized NIR sensor IQ in H2O/EtOH/ (1/9, v/v) displayed excellent recognition performances towards Zn2+ including nanomolar detection limit (60.5 nM) and a large Stokes shift (173 nm). Sensor IQ was successively applied to realize the determination of Zn2+ in smartphone applications. Furthermore, IQ-loaded test strips, cotton swabs, and polysulfone capsules were able to quickly determine the presence of Zn2+. Besides, IQ was effectively employed to monitor Zn2+ content in actual environmental samples (tap, pure, and lake water samples, rice, and potato). Additionally, the imaging potential of IQ was utilized to visualize Zn2+ in living cells. The results from these applications indicated that the designed probe IQ is hopeful to be utilized for the recognition of Zn2+ in multiple applications.Öğe Specific and low-level detection of Hg2+ and CN- in aqueous solution by a new fluorescent probe: Its real sample applications including cell, soil, water, and food(Elsevier Science Sa, 2025) Oğuz, Mehmet; Aydın, Duygu; Malkondu, Sait; Erdemir, SerkanMercury (Hg) is one of the most hazardous heavy metals, posing a severe threat to human health. In response to this, we report a new fluorescence probe (HBT-PA) for Hg2+ detection that exhibits strong excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). HBT-PA exhibits an excellent "turnon" fluorescence response with high selectivity for Hg2+ ions and negative solvatochromism in many solvent environments. HBT-PA has excellent water solubility, rapid response (10 s), large Stokes shift (203 nm), and high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+ over other tested metal ions in water (with 0.01 % DMSO). The probe can detect Hg2+ within the micromolar range (0-50 mu M) and has a detection limit of 86 nM. In the presence of CN-, the fluorescence of a solution of [HTB-PA+ Hg2+] was quenched. Thus, the complex could be used to identify trace levels of CN- in water (with 0.01 % DMSO). The probe can be used to visualize Hg2+ ions in food, soil, and water. Moreover, it has been successfully used to develop smartphone applications, cotton swab, and polysulfone capsule kits for Hg2+ detection. Additionally, it has been effectively applied to the visualization of Hg2+ ions in living cells with low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility.Öğe Ultrafast and nanomolar detection of Al3+: Furazan based fluorescent chemosensor and its practices in Smartphone, test kit, water samples and living–cell(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Karuk Elmas, Şükriye Nihan; Boran, Tuğçe; Arslan, Fatma Nur; Özhan, Gül; Erdemir, SerkanA new fluorescent chemoprobe (SDAF) was successfully synthesized and utilized as a sensor for the recognition of Al3+ in EtOH:HEPES (3:2, v:v, pH: 7.0) media. The SDAF depicted a selective “turn–on” response at λem = 467 nm to Al3+ over competitive cations, and the SDAF–Al3+ complex had a reversible response with F−. The limit of detection (LOD) was found about at nano–molar level (28.0 nM), demonstrating the sensitivity of the chemoprobe toward Al3+. The binding stoichiometry of SDAF–Al3+ was investigated by TOF–MS, Job's plot, 1H NMR and 13C NMR methods and found as 1:1. The recognition mechanisms of SDAF for the detection of Al3+ were the –C = N isomerization and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanisms, and they were confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) computation. Furthermore, the SDAF was successfully employed in living–cell bioimaging and cytotoxicity, it was also utilized in Smartphone, test–kit and natural spring water (recovery values; 89.01 %– 96.33 %)applications.
