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Öğe Buğdayda polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ve olası sorunların optimizasyonu(2011) Yıldırım, Ahmet; Kandemir, Nejdet; Sönmezoğlu, Özlem Ateş; Güleç, TuğbaPolimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) DNA polimeraz enzimi aracılığıyla suni sartlarda DNA’nın çoğaltılması islemidir. Yaygın ve genis bir kullanım alanı olan PCR, moleküler çalısmalara büyük bir hız ve kesinlik kazandırmıstır. Oldukça kompleks olan bu teknik optimize edilerek basarılı bir sekilde kullanıldığında arastırmacıların isini kolaylastırmaktadır. Ancak zayıf, istenmeyen ve spesifik olmayan ürün olusumundan kaçınmak için kullanıcı gereken optimum konsantrasyon ve sartları kendisi ayarlamalıdır. Bu çalısma, PCR’de kullanılan temel bilesenlerden DNA, MgCl2, dNTP ve primer konsantrasyonlarının optimize edilmesi ve karsılasılan sorunların ortaya konulması amacıyla yapılmıstır. Bu bilesenler PCR sonucunu etkileyen kritik faktörlerdir. Diğer bilesenler sabit tutularak her bir bilesen için farklı konsantrasyonlar denenmis ve doğru amplifikasyon için gerekli optimum konsantrasyonların DNA (100 ng), MgCl2, dNTP ve primer için sırasıyla 1 ?l, 2-2.25 mM, 200-400 ?M ve 0.25 ?M olduğu saptanmıstır. Ayrıca reaksiyon karısımına mineral yağ koymanın PCR ürününe etkisinin bulunmadığı da tespit edilmistir.Öğe Determination of genetic diversity among Turkish durum wheat landraces by microsatellites(Academic Journals, 2011) Yıldırım, Ahmet; Sönmezoğlu, Özlem Ateş; Gökmen, Sabri; Kandemir, Nejdet; Aydın, NevzatWheat landraces represent an important source of genetic variation that can be used for future wheat breeding program. The rich wheat landraces from Turkey have not been sufficiently analyzed genetically. For this reason, genetic diversity and relationship of the landraces must be determined. In this study, genetic diversity of 20 durum wheat landraces collected from different regions of Turkey were determined using 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) markers. Genomic DNAs were isolated from ten accessions of all durum wheat landraces and specific regions were amplified with the polymerase chain reaction by using microsatellite markers. Polymorphic bands changed 4 to 9 per each SSR locus and the most polymorphic SSR loci were Wms 18, Wms 155, Xgwm 166 and Stm 578. The dendrogram showed that durum wheat landraces can be divided into two major groups. The coefficient of similarity among all germplasm ranged from 0.35 to 0.74. According to the estimated matrices and relationship among landraces accessions, it was determined that the 46847-47341, 31738-52841 and 31634-47923 were genetically the closest. The farthest genotypes were 52835-1680. The results showed that durum wheat landraces have high genetic variability and microsatellite DNA markers could be successfully employed for revealing the variability.Öğe Evaluation of barley semi-dwarf allele sdw1.d in a near isogenic line(Springer, 2022) Kandemir, Nejdet; Saygılı, İbrahim; Sönmezoğlu, Özlem Ateş; Yıldırım, AhmetSemi-dwarf genes have been used to alleviate lodging and increase harvest index in barley. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of widely used sdw1.d allele on agronomic characters. The sdw1.d was transferred from cv. Triumph to cv. Tokak 157/37 using marker assisted backcross breeding, and a near-isogenic line was developed. Parents and Tokak + sdw1.d near isogenic line were evaluated in three rainfed, fall-planted and seven rainfed, spring-planted trials in Tokat province of Turkey. The sdw1.d allele in Tokak 157/37 background shortened plant height by 20-30 cm, decreased lodging by 40-60%, delayed heading time by 5-7 days, and produced 74-178 more spikes per square meter. On the other hand, sdw1.d reduced thousand-seed weights in most trials by about 3-5 g. However, sdw1.d produced greater seed weights in trials where precipitation was higher. Tokak + sdw1.d near isogenic line produced higher grain yields especially in fall planted trials with high rainfall. Due to its higher spike number per area and improved harvest index, Tokak + sdw1.d NIL merits further studies under different ecological and growing practices.Öğe Genetic variation among selected pure lines from turkish barley landrace ‘tokak’ in yield-related and malting quality traits(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC-INIA), 2021) Saygılı, İbrahim; Sönmezoğlu, Özlem Ateş; Yıldırım, Ahmet; Kandemir, NejdetAim of study: Improvement of barley cultivars for malting traits suffers from narrow genetic pool in barley for these traits. Landraces are resources that could be used for this purpose. The present study was conducted to determine the variation for malting quality traits within a Turkish barley landrace. Area of study: The study was undertaken in Tokat, a province in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Material and methods: Twenty-five diverse lines, out of 42 unique genotypes previously identified in ‘Tokak’ landrace (PI 470281) based on DNA markers, were evaluated for malting quality traits along with the malting barley cv. ‘Tokak 157/37’ in four field trials. Thousand-seed weight, test weight, grain yield, lodging, malt extract percentage, diastatic power, alpha amylase and malt beta glucanase activities, malt protein and starch contents were determined. Main results: Principal component analysis of malting quality traits revealed that thousand-seed weight, alpha amylase activity, beta glucanase activity and diastatic power were the most discriminatory traits for the lines. As the average of four trials, 15 of the 25 lines evaluated had higher grain yields and 10 of 25 lines had higher malt extract percentages than the standard cultivar ‘Tokak 157/37’. Malt extract was highest in Line 59 in all environments, and this line also had the highest values for beta glucanase activity and starch content. Line 215 had highest values for alpha amylase activity. Lines 59 and 215 clearly had superior malting quality. Research highlights: These lines could harbor novel alleles for these traits to be used in malting barley improvement.Öğe Marker-assisted breeding of a durum wheat cultivar for gamma-gliadin and LMW-glutenin proteins affecting pasta quality(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2013) Yıldırım, Ahmet; Sönmezoğlu, Özlem Ateş; Sayaslan, Abdulvahit; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Güleç, Tuğba; Kandemir, NejdetThe pasta quality of durum wheat is one of the most important properties for the industry and consumers. Therefore, breeding for improved grain quality without yield penalties, using modern breeding methods, has been a primary objective in durum wheat breeding programs in recent years. In this study, 2 important gene regions that encode pasta-quality associated proteins (gamma-gliadin 45 and LMW-2 glutenin) were transferred to a registered Turkish durum wheat variety, Saricanak-98, from a high-quality Canadian durum wheat cultivar, Kyle, through a marker-assisted backcross breeding method. Each of the F1 and backcross (BC) plants were backcrossed 4 times to the recurrent parent, and the backcrossed plants carrying the targeted gene regions in all generations were selected by marker-assisted selection (MAS). DNA markers in combination with A-PAGE were used for tracking the introgression of the targeted gene regions. Transfer of Gli-B1 locus encoding gamma-gliadin 45 and Glu-B3 locus encoding LMW-2 glutenin to the wheat variety Saricanak-98 led to a considerable increase in protein content and gluten quality.Öğe Markör destekli seleksiyonun bugday islahında kullanımı(2010) Sönmezoğlu, Özlem Ateş; Yıldırım, Ahmet; Güleç, Tuğba Eserkaya; Kandemir, NejdetTemel besin maddesi olan bugday, Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de en fazla yetistirilen kültür bitkisidir. Ekim alanlarını daha fazla genisletmenin mümkün olmadıgı günümüzde, artan nüfusun besin ihtiyacını karsılamanın en etkili yolu, birim alan verimini artırmaktır. Bugdayda verimdeki artıs ancak hastalık ve zararlılara dayanıklı, stabilitesi yüksek ve her yörenin kendi ekolojik kosullarına uygun çesitlerin gelistirilmesi ile saglanabilir. Uzun yıllar süren seleksiyonlarla genlerin belirli yönde seçilmesi ve melezlemelerde ortak anaçların kullanılması bugdayda genetik varyasyonu daraltmıs ve istenen özellikleri tasıyan çesitlerin klasik bitki ıslahıyla gelistirilmesini zorlastırmıstır. Markör destekli seleksiyon (MAS) klasik bitki ıslahında karsılasılan sorunları çözmek için kullanılan alternatif ve yardımcı bir tekniktir. Markör destekli seleksiyon agronomik olarak önem arz eden ve birden fazla gen veya lokus tarafından kontrol edilen karakterlerin hızlı bir sekilde aktarılmasını saglamaktadır. Bu teknik klasik ıslahı tamamlayıcı, oldukça hızlı, etkin, dogru ve ekonomik bir seleksiyon yöntemidir.Öğe Molecular and biochemical screening of Turkish durum wheat landraces for gamma-gliadin and lmw-glutenin proteins associated with pasta-cooking quality(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2011) Yıldırım, Ahmet; Eserkaya Güleç, Tuğba; Sayaslan, Abdulvahit; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Sönmezoğlu, Özlem Ateş; Kandemir, NejdetIn recent years, pasta-cooking quality has become an important issue in durum wheat breeding. Pasta-cooking quality of durum wheat has been shown to depend mainly on protein content and gluten properties. Gluten is a complex mixture of proteins composed of gliadins and glutenins. A strong correlation exists between certain gamma-gliadin and/or LMW-glutenin proteins and the viscoelastic properties of gluten affecting al dente cooking quality of pasta goods. Of those proteins, gamma-gliadin 45 and LMW-2 glutenin alleles are correlated with proper gluten strength and superior pasta-cooking quality, whereas gamma-gliadin 42 and LMW-1 glutenin tend to provide weak gluten with reduced cooking quality. In this study, DNA and protein markers have been jointly used for the analysis of gamma-gliadin and LMW-glutenin QTLs of Turkish local durum wheat cultivars (landraces) affecting pasta-cooking quality. For that purposes, 13 SSR, one STS and two GAG primers linked to Gli-B1 loci were used. Polymorphic relations of 28 Turkish durum wheat landraces with Canadian durum wheat cultivars of Kyle and Avonlea were determined through PCR reactions. Additionally, gliadin and LMW-glutenin proteins of the landraces were separated using A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE techniques, respectively. Of the 28 durum landraces, 17 were determined carrying gamma-gliadin 45 and LMW-2 glutenin proteins associated with proper gluten strength and superior pasta-cooking quality.Öğe Some quality characteristics of selected durum wheat (Triticum durum) landraces(Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012) Sayaslan, Abdulvahit; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Yıldırım, Ahmet; Güleç, Tuğba Eserkaya ; Sönmezoğlu, Özlem Ateş ; Kandemir, NejdetDurum wheat (Triticum durum) is primarily used for the production of high-quality pasta products because of its certain superior characteristics. Wheat landraces are locally adapted diverse populations evolved through natural selection and are invaluable genetic resources for breeding programs. The search for new genetic resources all around the world has been underway to develop high-quality durum wheats. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the pasta quality-associated characteristics of 12 durum wheat landraces (Ba?acak, Beyaziye, İskenderiye, Sorgül, Karaki{dotless}lçi{dotless}k, Beyaz Bu?day, A? Bu?dayi{dotless}, Bintepe, Havrani, Çali{dotless}basan, Haci{dotless} Halil, and Akçakale) compared to 2 wellestablished high-quality durum wheat cultivars, Kyle and Zenit. Protein content and quality, pigment content, activities of oxidative enzymes (lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase), kernel size, and endosperm vitreousness were measured as the major quality parameters. The landraces had significant differences (P < 0.05) in their quality characteristics. Of the landraces, Akçakale, Havrani, and Çali{dotless}basan were found to be quite promising for the processing of so-called al dente cooking pasta products, as judged by their elevated protein quantity and gluten quality. With respect to pigment content and oxidative enzymes that are central to the bright yellow color of pasta products, however, the landraces Havrani, Haci{dotless} Halil, and Sorgül were found to have great potential. In brief, several landraces have potential for high-quality pasta processing, while a few others can be used for breeding purposes.
