Approaches to the value of islamic period poems in istishhad

In the methodology of Nakhw, when it comes to poetry and the strata of poet, four strata come to mind: the poets of the Jahiliyya period, the Muhadram poets, the poets of the Islamic period, and the Mawwelled poets. There is a compromise among the scholars of nahw that the first two of these have istishhad value and the last one does not. According to the information given in the literature, even though the poems of the poets of the Islamic period, also called al-Mutakaddimun or the third stratum, have the value of istishhad according to the authentic tradition, the famous linguistic scholars who were contemporaries of the poets of this period did not consider the poems of this stratum worthy of istishhad. In some sources in the classical literature and especially in the modern literature, the reason for the attitude of these scholars was that the poems of poets such as al-Farazdak (d. 114/732), al-Kumayt al-Asadi (d. 126/744), and al-Zurrumma (d. 117/735) contained lahn or that these poets were considered mawwalled by their contemporaries. When the research deepened, it was witnessed that these were not the only reasons for the grammar scholars to criticize the poets of this generation; political and sectarian factors also shaped these criticisms. It has also been observed that the scholars in question have conflicting linguistic attitudes towards the couplets of the poets in question. Thus, this contradiction constituted the starting point of the research, and the need for a thorough research study to resolve the issue arose.