Wearable and implantable bioelectronic: Biosensing contact lens and applications

The development of electronic contact lenses has been underway for over a decade by numerous research laboratories around the globe. The integration of electronics into contact lenses may facilitate medical capabilities, such as the measurement of intraocular pressure, the analysis of tears for glucose levels, and the assistance of individuals with impaired vision. While the science of creating smart contact lenses has advanced considerably, a significant challenge remains: the development of a power source capable of sustaining these devices for extended periods of time. The applications of wearable contact lenses offer a unified field of application in terms of both the electronics and biomaterials disciplines. This review article examines the diverse range of contact lens materials suitable for bioelectronics, encompassing PMMA, PET, PVA, hydrogel-based, silicon-based, and nanomaterial types, among others. It also explores studies investigating these materials in biosensing applications, including diabetic contact lenses, glucose sensing, drug delivery, and the detection of enzymatic biomarkers.